References

• Copin-Montegut, C. 1988. A method for the continuous determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the upper ocean. Mar. Chem. 17:13-21.
• Copin-Montegut, C. 1989. A new formula for the effect of temperature on the partial pressure of CO₂ in seawater. Corrigendum. Mar. Chem. 27:143-44.
• Gordon, L. I., and L. B. Jones. 1973. The effect of temperature on carbon dioxide partial pressure in seawater. Mar. Chem. 1:317-22.
• Goyet, C., F. J. Millero, A. Poisson, and D. K. Shafer. 1993. Temperature dependence of CO₂ fugacity in seawater. Mar. Chem. 44:205-19.
• Goyet, C., and E. Peltzer. 1994. Comparison of the August-September 1991 and 1979 surface partical pressure of CO₂ distribution in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean near 150° W. Mar. Chem. 45:257-66.
• Guggenheim, E. A. 1967. pp. 175-77 In: Thermodynamics, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
• Johnson, K. M., A. Koertzinger, L. Mintrop, J. C. Duinker, and D. W. R. Wallace. 1998. Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO₂ concentrations. Mar. Chem. (in press).
• Keeling, C. D., P. R. Guenther, and D. J. Moss. 1986. Scripps Reference Gas Calibration System for Carbon Dioxide-in-Air Standards: Revision of 1985. WMO Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Research Programme No. 42, Technical Document WMO/TD-125, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Koertzinger, A., L. Mintrop, and J. C. Duinker. 1996a. The floating dripstone cave: CO₂ teams compare underway systems. U.S. JGOFS News 7(4):14-15.
• Koertzinger, A., H. Thomas, B. Schneider, N. Gronau, L. Mintrop, and J. C. Duinker. 1996b. At-sea intercomparison of two newly designed underway pCO₂ systems: Encouraging results. Mar. Chem. 52:133-45.
• McDermitt, D. K., J. M. Welles, and R. D. Eckles. 1993. Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Water Vapor on Gas Phase Infrared Absorption by CO₂. Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.
• Neill, C., K. M. Johnson, E. Lewis, and D. W. R. Wallace. 1997. Accurate headspace analysis of fCO₂ in discrete water samples using batch equilibration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:1774-83.
• Ohtaki, E., E. Yamashita, and F. Fujiwara. 1993. Carbon dioxide in surface seawaters of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. J. Oceanogr. 49:295-304.
• Poisson, A., N. Metzl, C. Brunet, B. Schauer, B. Bres, D. Ruiz-Pino, and F. Louanchi. 1995. Variability of sources and sinks of CO₂ in the Western Indian and Southern Oceans during the year 1991. J. Geophys. Res.. 98(C12):22759-778.
• Robertson, J. E., and A. J. Watson. 1992. Thermal skin effect of the surface ocean and its implications for CO₂ uptake. Nature 358:738-40.
• Schluessel, P., W. J. Emery, H. Grassl, and T. Mammen. 1990. On the bulk-skin temperature difference and its impact on satellite remote sensing of sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 95:13341-356.
• Takahashi, T., J. Olafsson, J. G. Goddard, D. W. Chipman, and S. C. Sutherland. 1993. Seasonal variations of CO₂ and nutrient salts in the high latitude oceans: A comparative study. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7:843-848.
• Thoning, K. W., P. Tans, T. J. Conway, and L. S. Waterman. 1987. NOAA/GMCC calibrations of CO₂-in-air reference gases: 1979-1985, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL/ARL-150 Environmental Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado.
• Welles, J. M., and R. D. Eckles. 1991. Li-Cor 6262 CO₂/H₂O Analyzer Operating and Service Manual. Publication No. 9003-59. Li-COR Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.
• Weiss, R. F. 1974. Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: The solubility of a non-ideal gas. Mar. Chem. 2:203-15.
• Weiss, R. F., and B. A. Price. 1980. Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Mar. Chem. 8:347-59.
• Weiss, R. F., R. A. Jahnke, and C. D. Keeling. 1982. Seasonal effects of temperature and salinity on the partial pressure of CO₂ in seawater. Nature 300:511-13.
• Zhao, C. L., P. P. Tans, and K. W. Thoning. 1997. A high precision manometric system for absolute calibrations of CO₂ in dry air. J. Geophys. Res. 102:5885-94.