High-resolution record of surface seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) content collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada from 2014-12-19 to 2023-12-19 (NCEI Accession 0208638)
INVESTIGATORS:
Wiley Evans
- Hakai Institute
Katie Pocock
- Hakai Institute
Carrie Weekes
- Hakai Institute
Alex Hare
- Hakai Institute
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset includes continuous sea surface measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface temperature and salinity collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada from 2014-12-19 to 2023-12-19. Quadra Island, at the northern terminus of the Salish Sea, has been a site for shore-based and high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since December 2014. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously on seawater drawn from a sample line with an intake 50 m from shore and a depth of 1 m in Hyacinthe Bay on the eastern side of Quadra Island. The effort to collect these data are part of the Hakai Institute’s directive to advance the understanding of carbon cycling in northeast Pacific coastal settings with specific emphasis on ocean acidification.
CITE AS: Evans, Wiley; Pocock, Katie; Weekes, Carrie; Hare, Alex (2020). High-resolution record of surface seawater carbon dioxide (CO2) content collected from Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station in Hyacinthe Bay, British Columbia, Canada from 2014-12-19 to 2023-12-19 (NCEI Accession 0208638). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/v5j2-x847. Accessed [date].
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0208638
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.25921/v5j2-x847
EXPOCODE: 189920141219;
189920160407;
189920180101;
189920200101;
189920210101;
189920220101;
189920230101;
CRUISE ID: QuadraBoL_Apr2016_Dec2017;
QuadraBoL_Jan2018_Dec2019;
QuadraBoL_Jan2020_Dec2020;
QuadraBoL_Jan2021_Dec2021;
QuadraBoL_Jan2022_Dec2022;
QuadraBoL_Jan2023_Dec2023;
QuadraSUPERCO2_Dec2014_Apr2016;
SECTION/LEG: Time Series;
TYPES OF STUDY:
Continuous measurement;Discrete measurement;Surface measurement;
TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
LOCATION OF ORGANISM COLLECTION:
Quadra Island Field Station;
PLATFORMS:
RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
Continuous measurement;Discrete measurement;Surface measurement;
TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 2014-12-19
END DATE: 2023-12-19
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
NORTH: 50.116
WEST: -125.222
EAST: -125.222
SOUTH: 50.116
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Quadra Island;Northern Salish Sea;British Columbia coast;North Pacific Ocean;
LOCATION OF ORGANISM COLLECTION:
Quadra Island Field Station;
PLATFORMS:
Shore-side laboratory; Hakai Institute Quadra Island Field Station;
RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
none;
VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:
| pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | pCO2 |
| Unit: | µatm |
| Observation type: | measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream |
| Measured or calculated: | Measured |
| Sampling instrument: | Sunburst Sensors Shipboard Underway pCO2 Environmental Recorder (with showerhead equilibrator) |
| Location of seawater intake: | Seawater drawn from 1-m depth approximately 50 m from shore |
| Analyzing instrument: | Sunburst Sensors Shipboard Underway pCO2 Environmental Recorder uses a LI-COR LI-840A non-dispersive infrared detector |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | Seawater pCO2 data were calculated from corrected measurements of CO2 mixing ratio (xCO2) made using a Sunburst Sensors Shipboard Underway pCO2 Environmental Recorder (SUPERCO2) following many recommended protocols by Pierrot et al. (2009) with the system theory and calculations described in detail elsewhere (Hales et al., 2004; Evans et al., 2015; Evans et al., 2019). Seawater continuously flowed at 1 GPM first through a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph and then to the equilibrator (showerhead). Carrier gas (marine air) is pumped into the equilibrator from the electronics box of the SUPERCO2 at ~100 ml min-1. Full equilibration was verified by injecting high and low CO2 gas standard into the equilibration chamber and verifying carrier gas concentrations returned to the same pre-disturbance xCO2. These tests also revealed the response time of the equilibrator to be ~5 mins. Equilibrated carrier gas is then supplied to a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR LI840A CO2/H2O) housed within the electronics box. Carrier gas is then recirculated through the system, minimizing the need for make-up by the equilibrator. Pressure and temperature were continuously measured in the equilibrators using a Honeywell ASCX Microstructure Pressure Sensor and an Omega Fast Response RTD, respectively. Equilibrated carrier gas, three standard gases of known mixing ratio (nominally 150, 450, and 750 ppm), and unaltered marine air were all plumbed to provide gas flow to the electronics box. The system is controlled using National Instruments LabVIEW software. The software controls data acquisition from the thermosalinograph, the pressure and temperature sensors, and the LI-COR; while also controlling Valco Instruments Co. Inc. (VICI) multi-port actuators that cycle between the gas streams plumbed to the electronics box. None of the gas streams were dried prior to analysis, and all measurements were made at 2 Hz. The prescribed measurement scheme controlled by the software was to supply equilibrated carrier gas from the equilibrator to the LI-COR continuously for 720 minutes, then cycle the actuators to consecutively allow for the standard gas streams and unaltered marine air to be measured for 90 s each at 100 ml min-1 before returning to sample the carrier gas equilibrated with seawater xCO2. From each sequence of standard gas measurements, the final 20 s of data in the 80 s interval before the actuator changed position were used to construct calibration functions that were then interpolated in time between standard gas sequences. These functions were then used to calibrate the xCO2 measurements of seawater equilibrated carrier gas. Corrected seawater xCO2 was subsequently adjusted for under- or over-pressurization in the equilibrator using the ratio of equilibrator to vented LI-COR cell pressure, and then converted to pCO2 using atmospheric pressure measured by the LI-COR. The 2 Hz seawater pCO2, temperature and salinity data were quality controlled by removing questionable measurements, and then averaged in 5-min interval bins. |
| Standardization technique: | xCO2 calibration functions developed during periodic sequential analysis of gas standards of known concentration (nominally 150, 450, and 750 ppm) |
| Standardization frequency: | Every 720 minutes. |
| Standard gas manufacturer: | Scott-Marrin Inc. |
| Standard gas uncertainty: | 2 ppm for calibrated xCO2; 2 µatm for pCO2 |
| Uncertainty: | 2 µatm |
| Quality flag convention: | no quality flag applied |
| Method reference: | Hales, B., D. Chipman, and T. Takahashi (2004), High-frequency measurements of partial pressure and total concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater using microporous hydrophobic membrane contactors, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 2, 356-364; Pierrot, D., C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lüger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Evans, W., Mathis, J.T., Ramsay, J., and Hetrick, J. (2015). On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery. PLoS One 10, e0130384; Evans, W., Pocock, K., Hare, A., Weekes, C., Hales, B., Jackson, J., Gurney-Smith, H., Mathis, J.T., Alin, S.R., and Feely, R.A. (2019). Marine CO2 Patterns in the Northern Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science 5, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00536. |
| Researcher name: | Wiley Evans |
| Researcher institution: | Hakai Institute |
| Sea surface temperature | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | SST |
| Unit: | °C, ITS-90 scale |
| Observation type: | measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream |
| Analyzing instrument: | Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software |
| Uncertainty: | 0.002°C |
| Researcher name: | Wiley Evans |
| Researcher institution: | Hakai Institute |
| Sea surface salinity | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | Salinity |
| Unit: | 1978 Practical Salinity Scale |
| Observation type: | measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream |
| Analyzing instrument: | Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software |
| Uncertainty: | 0.003 S/m |
| Researcher name: | Wiley Evans |
| Researcher institution: | Hakai Institute |
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:
none;
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Seawater drawn from 1-m depth approximately 50 m from shore in central Hyacinthe Bay; eastern Quadra Island; northern Salish Sea; 50.1160°N, 125.2220°W
FUNDING AGENCY:
Tule Foundation’s Hakai Institute
PROJECT TITLE:
PROJECT ID:
SUBMITTED BY: Wiley Evans (wiley.evans@hakai.org)
SUBMISSION DATE: 2020-01-22
REVISION DATE: 2024-01-06
PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1Version 2.2Version 3.3Version 4.4Version 5.5
