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Monthly gridded sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, and aragonite (Ωarag) in Mid-Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight from 1982 to 2015 (NCEI Accession 0208346)

INVESTIGATORS:
Yuan-Yuan Xu - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
Wei-Jun Cai ORCID logo - University of Delaware
Rik Wanninkhof ORCID logo - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Joseph E. Salisbury ORCID logo - University of New Hampshire (UNH)

PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset contains monthly interpolated sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) from 1982 through 2015 is estimated from monthly atmospheric CO2, temperature, and salinity. Firstly, the disequilibrium between the observed seawater fCO2 and fCO2air (i.e., ΔfCO2; ΔfCO2 = fCO2 – fCO2air) is estimated using a bayesian-neural-network approach for each 1°×1° grid box in the MAB and the SAB. The input parameters are latitude, longitude, SST, and SSS. The output parameter is ΔfCO2. The feedforward backpropagation network is constructed by two hidden layers with tanh activation functions. The neural network is trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (Hagan and Menhaj, 1994). Then fCO2 is calculated using ΔfCO2 and fCO2air. Next, continuous monthly SST and SSS data from 1982 to 2015 are used to calculate output with the trained network to fill in SOCAT data gaps. Monthly pH, DIC, and Ωarag are calculated from fCO2 and salinity-derived TA using CO2SYS (Van Heuven et al., 2009) with the first and second dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater (K1 and K2) from Lueker et al. (2000) and borate-to-salinity ratio determined by Uppström (1974). TA is derived from salinity using their linear relationships in the MAB and the SAB (Cai et al., 2010).

CITE AS: Xu, Yuan-Yuan; Cai, Wei-Jun; Wanninkhof, Rik; Salisbury, Joseph E. (2020). Monthly gridded sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, and aragonite (Ωarag) in Mid-Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight from 1982 to 2015 (NCEI Accession 0208346). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bzne-9615. Accessed [date].


DATA PACKAGES RELATED TO THIS ONE:
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0208346
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.25921/bzne-9615
EXPOCODE: Various;
CRUISE ID: Various;
SECTION/LEG: Various;

TYPES OF STUDY:
Data synthesis product;Discrete measurement;Profile;

TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 1982-01-01
END DATE: 2015-12-31

SPATIAL COVERAGE:
NORTH: 50
WEST: -81
EAST: -70
SOUTH: 28

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Atlantic Ocean;Mid-Atlantic Bight;South Atlantic Bight;

PLATFORMS:
Various;

RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
none;

VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:

longitude in degrees east (70.5°W - 80.5°W with 1° resolution)
Abbreviation: lon
Unit: degrees_east
Latitude in degrees north (28.5°N - 40.5°N with 1° resolution)
Abbreviation: lat
Unit: degrees_north
Time in seconds since 2000-01-01-00:00:00 (monthly resolution)
Abbreviation: time
Unit: seconds
Sea surface temperature, OISST version 2 data obtained from NOAA’s ESRL Physical Science Division at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html.
Abbreviation: sst (lon, lat, time)
Sea surface salinity, EN4 temperature and salinity data were obtained from Met Office Hadley Center at https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en4/download-en4-2-1.html.
Abbreviation: sss (lon, lat, time)
Sea water fugacity of carbon dioxide
Abbreviation: fco2sw (lon, lat, time)
Unit: µatm
Total alkalinity
Abbreviation: alkalinity (lon, lat, time)
Unit: µmol/kg
In situ pH on total scale
Abbreviation: ph (lon, lat, time)
Dissolved inorganic carbon
Abbreviation: dic (lon, lat, time)
Unit: µmol/kg
Seawater aragonite saturation state
Abbreviation: aragonite (lon, lat, time)
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:
Xu, Y.-Y, Cai, W.-J., Wanninkhof, R., Salisbury, J., Reimer, J., and Chen, B. (2019). Long-term changes of carbonate chemistry variables along the North American east coast. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. In Review.
Cai, W. J. et al. (2010). Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 115.
Hagan, M. T. and Menhaj, M. (1994). Training feedforward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Neural Network, 5(6), 989-993, https://doi.org/10.1109/72.329697.
Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G. and Keeling, C. D. (2000). Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K1 and K2: validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium. Marine Chemistry, 70(1-3), 105-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00022-0.
Uppström, L. R. (1974). The boron/chlorinity ratio of deep-sea water from the Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21(2), 161-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90074-6.
Van Heuven, S., Pierrot, D., Rae, J. W. B. and Wallace, D. W. R., 2009. MATLAB program developed for CO2 system calculations, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
none;
FUNDING AGENCY:

SUBMITTED BY: Yuan-Yuan Xu (yuanyuan.xu@noaa.gov)

SUBMISSION DATE: 2019-12-17