INVESTIGATORS:
Rik Wanninkhof 
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Denis Pierrot
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Kevin F. Sullivan
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Leticia Barbero
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset contains a high-quality dataset of derived products from over a million observations of surface water partial pressure/fugacity of carbon dioxide (pCO2w/fCO2w), for the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and North-East Atlantic Ocean covering the timespan from 2003-03-01 to 2019-12-30. Prior to installation of automated pCO2 systems on cruise ships of the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines and subsidiaries (Explorer of the Seas, Celebrity Equinox, Allure of the Seas), very limited surface water carbon data were available in this region. With this observational program, the Northern Caribbean Sea has now become one of the best sampled regions for pCO2 of the world's ocean. The derived quantities include total alkalinity (TA), acidity (pH), aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and air-sea CO2 flux.
CITE AS: Wanninkhof, Rik; Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Barbero, Leticia; Triñanes, Joaquin A. (2019). Gridded surface water fugacity of CO2 observations, and calculated pH, aragonite saturation state and air–sea CO2 fluxes in the northern Caribbean Sea from 2002 through 2019 (NCEI Accession 0207749). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/2swk-9w56. Accessed [date].
DATA PACKAGES RELATED TO THIS ONE:
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0207749
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.25921/2swk-9w56
EXPOCODE: Various;
CRUISE ID: Various;
SECTION/LEG: SOOP;
TYPES OF STUDY: Data synthesis product;Surface underway;TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 2003-03-01
END DATE: 2019-12-30
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Atlantic Ocean;Caribbean Sea;Gulf of Mexico;
PLATFORMS: Cruise Ship Explorer of the Seas (ID: 33KF);
Cruise Ship Celebrity Equinox (ID: MLCE);
Cruise Ship Allure of the Seas (ID: BHAF);
RESEARCH PROJECT(S): Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP);
VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:
| Year of measurements used for calculations |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
Year |
| Month of measurements used for calculations: 1 (January) through 12 (December) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
Month |
| Latitude. North is positive. Location is the center point of the grid. That is, 15.5˚ N is the grid box spanning 15˚ N to 16˚ N |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
Lat |
| Unit: |
Degrees |
| Longitude. East is positive. All values in the Caribbean are negative. Location is center point of grid. That is, -87.5 is the grid box spanning 87˚ W to 88˚ W |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
Lon |
| Unit: |
Degrees |
| Area of grid box excluding land where appropriate |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
Area |
| Unit: |
Km2 |
| Number of fCO2w observations in the particular grid box for the particular month |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
#_Obs |
| Sea surface temperature measured at the intake (average of the grid box) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
SST_OBS |
| Unit: |
˚C |
| Standard deviation of SST |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
SST_STD |
| Unit: |
˚C |
| Sea surface salinity measured by thermosalinograph (average of the grid box) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
SSS_OBS |
| Unit: |
permil |
| Standard deviation of SSS |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
SSS_STD |
| Fugacity of CO2 in seawater (average of the grid box) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
fCO2w_OBS |
| Unit: |
µatm |
| Standard deviation of fCO2w observations in the grid box |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
fCO2w_STDEV |
| Total alkalinity calculated from a relationship salinity TA = 57.3SSS_OBS+ 296.4 (Cai et al., 2010) using the measured SSS |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
TA |
| Unit: |
µmol kg-1 |
| pH on the total scale at SST calculated from fCO2w_OBS and TA using the CO2SYS program of Pierrot et al. (2006) with pH Scale: Total scale (mol/kg-SW) at OISST; CO2 Constants: K1, K2 from Lueker et al. (2000); KSO4- for Dickson (1990); KF from Perez and Fraga (1987) and Total Boron from Uppström (1974) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
pHT |
| Aragonite saturation state calculated using CO2SYS with fCO2w_OBS and TA as input parameters and the same dissociation constants as used for pHT |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
ΩAr |
| Optimal interpolated sea surface temperature (Reynolds et al., 2007) for the particular grid box |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
OISST |
| Unit: |
˚C |
| Sea surface salinity from the HYCOM model |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
SSSHYCOM |
| Unit: |
permil |
| Fugacity of CO2 in seawater determined from annual MLRs (see Table 1) with Lat, Lon, SST, OISST, SSSHYCOM, and MLDHYCOM. |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
fCO2w_MLR |
| Unit: |
µatm |
| Fugacity of CO2 in air using the average value between atmospheric sampling station KEY and RBP |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
fCO2a |
| Unit: |
µatm |
| Air-water fugacity difference, fCO2w - fCO2a |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
∆fCO2 |
| Unit: |
µatm |
| Second moment of the wind based on ¼˚ 6-h CCMP-2 product (Atlas et al., 2011) |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
u2 |
| Unit: |
m2 s-2 |
| Monthly air-sea CO2 flux calculated according to Eqs. 4 and 5 |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
CO2_Flux |
| Unit: |
mol m-2 mo-1 |
| Total monthly air-sea CO2 flux calculated according to Eqs. 4 and 5 in Teragram carbon |
|---|
| Abbreviation: |
CO2_FluxTotal |
| Unit: |
Tg C mo-1 |
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET: Wanninkhof, R., Pierrot, D., Sullivan, K., Barbero, L., and Triñanes, J. (2020). A 17-year dataset of surface water fugacity of CO2 along with calculated pH, aragonite saturation state and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the northern Caribbean Sea. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12(3), 1489-1509. https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/1489/2020/
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: none;
FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program
PROJECT TITLE:
Quantifying sea-air CO2 fluxes using surface water pCO2 measurements from ships of opportunity, Ocean acidification Ship of Opportunity (SOOP)
PROJECT ID:
SUBMITTED BY: Leticia Barbero (Leticia.Barbero@noaa.gov)
SUBMISSION DATE: 2019-11-26
REVISION DATE: 2020-08-28
PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1
