Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical data obtained during R/V Roger Revelle Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Indian Ocean: GO-SHIP Section I09N (EXPOCODE 33RR20160321), from 2016-03-21 to 2016-04-28 (NCEI Accession 0178637)
INVESTIGATORS:
Leticia Barbero 
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Rik Wanninkhof
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Craig A. Carlson
- University of California - Santa Barbara (UCSB)
- University of California - Santa Barbara (UCSB)
Andrew G. Dickson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset includes discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH (on total scale), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons and other chemical measurements during R/V Roger Revelle Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Indian Ocean: GO-SHIP Section I09N (EXPOCODE 33RR20160321), from 2016-03-21 to 2016-04-28. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and Niskin bottle.
CITE AS: Barbero, Leticia; Wanninkhof, Rik; Dickson, Andrew G.; Carlson, Craig A.; Key, Robert M.; Becker, Susan; Swift, James H.; McNichol, Ann; Rodriguez, Carmen (2018). Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical data obtained during R/V Roger Revelle Repeat Hydrography Cruise in the Indian Ocean: GO-SHIP Section I09N (EXPOCODE 33RR20160321), from 2016-03-21 to 2016-04-28 (NCEI Accession 0178637). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/f59c-dy18. Accessed [date].
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0178637
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.25921/f59c-dy18
EXPOCODE: 33RR20160321;
CRUISE ID: GO-SHIP_I09N_2016;
SECTION/LEG: GO-SHIP_I09N;
TYPES OF STUDY:
Discrete measurement;Profile;
TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
PLATFORMS:
RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
Discrete measurement;Profile;
TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 2016-03-21
END DATE: 2016-04-28
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
NORTH: 18.1
WEST: 84.6
EAST: 95.04
SOUTH: -28.7
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Indian Ocean;
PLATFORMS:
R/V Roger Revelle (ID: 33RR);
RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
none;
VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:
| Dissolved Inorganic Carbon | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | TCARBN |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Observation type: | discrete |
| Measured or calculated: | Measured |
| Sampling instrument: | Niskin Bottles |
| Analyzing instrument: | The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML 3 and AOML 4) used simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer (CM5015 UIC Inc) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extrac- tor (DICE). The DICE system was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA ([Johnson1985], [Johnson1987], [Johnson1993], [Johnson1992], [Johnson1999]). |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | Samples for DIC measurements were drawn (according to procedures outlined in the PICES Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements [Dickson2007]) from Niskin bottles into 294 ml borosilicate glass bottles using silicone tubing. The flasks were rinsed once and filled from the bottom with care not to entrain any bubbles, overflowing by at least one-half volume. The sample tube was pinched off and withdrawn, creating a 6 ml headspace, followed by 0.16 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution which was added as a preservative. The sample bottles were then sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 12 hours. |
| Replicate information: | The precision of the two DICE systems can be demonstrated via the replicate samples. Approximately 7% of the Niskins sampled were duplicates taken as a check of our precision. These replicate samples were interspersed through-out the station analysis for quality assurance and integrity of the coulometer cell solutions. The average absolute difference from the mean of these replicates is 1.69 μmol/kg (n=257, stdev=1.51). No major systematic differences between the replicates were observed. |
| Standardization description: | The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways. 1) Gas loops were run at the beginning and end of each cell; 2) CRM’s supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, were measured near the beginning; and 3) Duplicate samples were typically run throughout the life of the cell solution. Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1ml and ~2ml). The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections and then again at the end of each cell to ensure no drift during the life of the cell. These standard loops were consistent throughout the cruise. |
| CRM batch number: | The CRM certified value for batch 152 is 2020.88 μmol/kg and for batch 153 is 2017.95 μmol/k. |
| Preservation method: | 0.16 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation |
| Preservative correction: | The sample bottles were 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). |
| Uncertainty: | A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained at the beginning of the cell. The average correction was 0.91 μmol/kg for AOML 3 and 5.16 μmol/kg for AOML 4. |
| Method reference: | Johnson, K.M., A.E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth (1985): “Coulometric DIC analyses for marine studies: An introduction.” Mar. Chem., 16, 61-82. |
| Researcher name: | Rik Wanninkhof |
| Researcher institution: | NOAA/AOML |
| Total alkalinity | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | ALKALI |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Observation type: | discrete |
| Measured or calculated: | Measured |
| Type of titration: | two-stage open cell acidimetric, potentiometric |
| Cell type (open or closed): | open cell titration |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | Samples for total alkalinity measurements were taken at all I09N Stations (84-196). Two Niskin bottles at each station were sampled twice for duplicate measurements except for stations where 15 or less Niskin bottles were sampled. Using silicone tubing, the total alkalinity samples were drawn from Niskin bottles into 250 mL Pyrex bottles, making sure to rinse the bottles and Teflon sleeved glass stoppers at least twice before the final filling. A headspace of approximately 3 mL was removed and 0.06 mL of saturated mercuric chloride solution was added to each sample for preservation. After sampling was completed, each sample’s temperature was equilibrated to approximately 20°C using a Thermo Scientific RTE water bath. |
| CRM manufacturer: | Dickson laboratory Certified Reference Material (CRM) |
| CRM batch number: | Batch 152 2216.94 +/- 0.60 𝜇mol/kg (33;16); Batch 153 2225.03 +/- 0.43 𝜇mol kg-1 (14) [mean +/- std. dev. (n)] |
| TA blank correction: | N/A |
| Uncertainty: | A total of 138 Niskin bottles were sampled for duplicate measurements and gave an average difference of 0.01 +/- 1.01 umol kg-1. |
| Method reference: | Dickson, Andrew G., Chris Sabine and James R. Christian, editors, "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements", Pices Special Publication 3, IOCCP Report No. 8, October 2007, SOP 3b, "Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration" |
| Researcher name: | Andrew Dickson |
| Researcher institution: | SIO |
| pH | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | PH_TOT |
| pH scale: | total hydrogen ion concentration scale (mol/kg-sw) |
| Observation type: | discrete |
| Measured or calculated: | Measured |
| Sampling instrument: | Niskin Bottles |
| Temperature of pH measurement: | 25 °C |
| Detailed sampling and analyzing information: | Samples were collected in 250 mL Pyrex glass bottles and sealed using grey butyl rubber stoppers held in place by aluminum-crimped caps. Each bottle was rinsed two times and allowed to overflow by one additional bottle volume. Prior to sealing, each sample was given a 1% headspace and poisoned with 0.02% of the sample volume of saturated mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Samples were collected only from Niskin bottles that were also being sampled for both total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in order to completely characterize the carbon system. Additionally, two duplicate samples were collected from almost all stations for quality control purposes. pH was measured spectrophotometrically on the total hydrogen scale using an Agilent 8453 spectrophotometer and in accordance with the methods outlined by Carter et al., 2013 [Carter2013]. A Kloehn V6 syringe pump was used to autonomously fill, mix, and dispense sample through the custom 10cm flow-through jacketed cell. A Thermo NESLAB RTE-7 recirculating water bath was used to maintain the cell temperature at 25.0°C during analyses, and a YSI 4600 precision thermometer and probe were used to monitor and record the temperature of each sample immediately after the spectrophotometric measurements were taken. The indicator meta-cresol purple (mCP) was used to measure the absorbance of light measured at two different wavelengths (434 nm, 578 nm) corresponding to the maximum absorbance peaks for the acidic and basic forms of the indicator dye. A baseline absorbance was also measured and subtracted from these wavelengths. The baseline absorbance was determined by averaging the absorbances from 725- 735nm. The ratio of the absorbances was then used to calculate pH on the total scale using the equations outlined in Liu et al., 2011 [Liu2011]. The salinity data used was obtained from the conductivity sensor on the CTD. |
| Researcher name: | Andrew Dickson |
| Researcher institution: | SIO |
| PH_TMP | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | PH_TMP |
| Unit: | DEG_C |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | pH |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| CTDTMP | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | CTDTMP |
| Unit: | DEG_C |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | WATER TEMPERATURE |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| CTDSAL | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | CTDSAL |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | SALINITY |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| SALNTY | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | SALNTY |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | SALINITY |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| CTDOXY | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | CTDOXY |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | DISSOLVED OXYGEN |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| OXYGEN | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | OXYGEN |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | DISSOLVED OXYGEN |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| SILCAT | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | SILCAT |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | silicate |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| NITRAT | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | NITRAT |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | NITRATE |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| NITRIT | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | NITRIT |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | NITRITE |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| PHSPHT | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | PHSPHT |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | phosphate |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| CFC-11 | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | CFC-11 |
| Unit: | PMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11) |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| CFC-12 | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | CFC-12 |
| Unit: | PMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12) |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| SF6 | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | SF6 |
| Unit: | FMOL/KG |
| Controlled vocabulary name: | Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6) |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| Dissolved Organic Carbon | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation: | DOC |
| Unit: | UMOL/KG |
| Observation type: | Discrete |
| In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: | in-situ |
| Researcher name: | Craig Carlson |
| Researcher institution: | University of California, Santa Barbara |
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:
Johnson, K.M., A.E. King, and J. McN. Sieburth (1985): “Coulometric DIC analyses for marine studies: An introduction.” Mar. Chem., 16, 61-82.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
none;
FUNDING AGENCY:
NOAA, NSF
PROJECT TITLE:
GO-SHIP Program
PROJECT ID:
SUBMITTED BY: Robert M. Key (key@princeton.edu)
SUBMISSION DATE: 2018-02-28
REVISION DATE: 2021-01-29
PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1Version 2.2
