INVESTIGATORS:
Wei-Jun Cai
- University of Delaware
Stephen F. Gonski
- University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset includes measurements of sea surface temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH_NBS and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) from time series stations in Delaware Bay from 2016-05-09 to 2016-08-24. In the environment of the Murderkill Estuary and Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA), the Honeywell Durafet proved capable of making high-resolution and high-frequency pH measurements on the total scale between pH 6.8 and 8.4. Natural pH fluctuations of >1 pH were routinely captured over a range of timescales. The experiment demonstrated the viability of the Honeywell Durafet to the measurement of pH to within the weather-level precision defined by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON, less than 0.02 pH) as a part of future estuarine CO2 chemistry studies undertaken in dynamic environments.
CITE AS: Gonski, Stephen F.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Ullman, William J.; Joesoef, Andrew A.; Main, Christopher R.; Pettay, Daniel T.; Martz, Todd R. (2017). Measurements of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity and other variables for the assessment of the suitability of Durafet-based sensors for pH measurement in dynamic estuarine environments (Delaware Bay) from 2016-05-09 to 2016-08-24 (NCEI Accession 0168767). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5zp44d7. Accessed [date].
DATA PACKAGES RELATED TO THIS ONE:
none;
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0168767
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.7289/v5zp44d7
EXPOCODE: 39N75WDE20160509;
CRUISE ID: 39N75WDE20160509;
TYPES OF STUDY: Surface measurement;Time series;TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 2016-05-09
END DATE: 2016-08-24
SPATIAL COVERAGE:
WEST: -75.39
EAST: -75.39
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES: Delaware Bay;
PLATFORMS: 39N75WDE20160509 (ID: 39N75WDE20160509);
RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
none;
VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon |
Abbreviation: |
DIC |
Unit: |
umol kg-1 |
Measured or calculated: |
Measured |
Analyzing instrument: |
Apollo SciTech AS-C3 |
Preservation method: |
sat. HgCl2 |
Preservative volume: |
100 uL per 250 mL |
Uncertainty: |
less than 2.2 umol kg-1 |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Total alkalinity |
Abbreviation: |
Total Alkalinity |
Unit: |
umol kg-1 |
Measured or calculated: |
Measured |
Analyzing instrument: |
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 |
Preservation method: |
sat. HgCl2 |
Preservative volume: |
100 uL per 250 mL |
Uncertainty: |
less than 2.2 umol kg-1 |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
pH |
Abbreviation: |
pH_field_NBS |
pH scale: |
NBS Scale |
Measured or calculated: |
Measured |
Analyzing instrument: |
Orion Dual Star pH/ISE Benchtop Meter equipped with an Orion 8302BNUMD Ross Ultra Glass Triode pH/ATC Combination Electrode |
Temperature of pH measurement: |
+/-0.3degC of SST recorded by SeapHOx Sensor |
Standardization frequency: |
every 2-3 hours during 10-12 hour fieldwork days |
pH standard values: |
NBS 4.01, 7.00, and 10.01 pH buffers |
Temperature correction method: |
Corrected to in situ temperature using Excel macro CO2SYS (Pierrot et al., 2006) |
At what temperature was pH reported: |
SST recorded by SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
less than 0.02 pH (integrated into final uncertainty of all calibrated sensor pH datasets) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
In situ temperature recorded by SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
SST |
Unit: |
oC |
Analyzing instrument: |
Sea-Bird Electronics Conductivity-Temperature Sensor, SBE37 integated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Salinity recorded by SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
Salinity |
Unit: |
NA |
Observation type: |
Salinity calculated from temperature and conductivity |
Analyzing instrument: |
Sea-Bird Electronics Conductivity-Temperature Sensor, SBE37 integated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Pressure measured with equipment integrated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
Pressure |
Unit: |
dbar |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
raw pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet and its internal reference electrode (Ag/AgCl reference electrode containing a 4.5 M KCl Liquid Junction) |
Abbreviation: |
pH Int Raw |
Unit: |
pH |
Observation type: |
Sensor Data |
Analyzing instrument: |
Honeywell Durafet integrated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported for raw data |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
raw pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet and its external reference electrode (solid-state chloride ion-selective electrode, Cl-ISE) |
Abbreviation: |
pH Ext Raw |
Unit: |
pH |
Observation type: |
Sensor Data |
Analyzing instrument: |
Honeywell Durafet integrated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported for raw data |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using Excel macro CO2SYS (Pierrot et al., 2006) using the inorganic carbon dissociation constants of Millero et al. (2006), the bisulfate ion acidity constant of Dickson (1990), and the boron-to-chlorinity ratio of Lee et al. (2010) |
Abbreviation: |
pH^disc_DIC-TA |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported (integrated into final uncertainty of all calibrated sensor pH datasets) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Difference between pHNBS and pHT at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure solely attributed to the difference in pH scales. Calculated as the difference between pHNBS and pHT when each value is calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using Excel macro CO2SYS (Pierrot et al., 2006) using the inorganic carbon dissociation constants of Millero et al. (2006), the bisulfate ion acidity constant of Dickson (1990), and the boron-to-chlorinity ratio of Lee et al. (2010). |
Abbreviation: |
Del_pH_scales |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported (integrated into final uncertainty of all calibrated sensor pH datasets) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
pHNBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pHT at in situ conditions. Quanity is equal to the difference of pH^field_NBS (minuend value) and pHscales (subtrahend valiue). |
Abbreviation: |
pH^disc_elec |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported (integrated into final uncertainty of all calibrated sensor pH datasets) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) measured by equipment integrated with the co-located Kent County Land-Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory (http://kentcounty.loboviz.com/) at SeapHOx Sensor deployment site |
Abbreviation: |
CDOM |
Unit: |
QSDE |
Observation type: |
Sensor Data |
Uncertainty: |
Not Reported |
Researcher name: |
William J. Ullman |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy |
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) calculated from CDOM using Voynova et al. (2015) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.03.027) CDOM-DOC relationship for same deployment site |
Abbreviation: |
DOC |
Unit: |
uM |
Uncertainty: |
Not Reported |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Raw voltage measured with Honeywell Durafet's internal reference electrode integrated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
Eint |
Unit: |
V |
Observation type: |
Sensor Data |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported for raw data |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Raw voltage measured with Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode integrated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
Eext |
Unit: |
V |
Observation type: |
Sensor Data |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported for raw data |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibration constant for the Honeywell Durafet's internal reference electrode integrated with SeapHOx Sensor that is applied to the pH Int Raw data to produce final calibrated pH dataset |
Abbreviation: |
E0int25 |
Unit: |
V |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibration constant for the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode integrated with SeapHOx Sensor that is applied to the pH Ext Raw data to produce final calibrated pH dataset |
Abbreviation: |
E0ext25 |
Unit: |
V |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Conductivity recorded by SeapHOx Sensor |
Abbreviation: |
Conductivity |
Unit: |
S/m |
Analyzing instrument: |
Sea-Bird Electronics Conductivity-Temperature Sensor, SBE37 integated with SeapHOx Sensor |
Uncertainty: |
NA |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's internal reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_DIC-TA (pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using CO2SYS). Not deployment specific. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^INT_final,1 |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0275 pH units (Spring Data); 0.0159 pH units (Summer Data) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's internal reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_elec (pHNBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pHT at in situ conditions). Not deployment specific. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^INT_final,2 |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0358 pH units (Spring Data); 0.0149 pH units (Summer Data) |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_DIC-TA (pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using CO2SYS). Only calibration points of salinity (S) > 14.84 were used as discussed in Gonski et al. (2018). Specific to spring deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,1A |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0174 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_DIC-TA (pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using CO2SYS). Only a subset of data above salinity (S) = 20 was used as discussed in Gonski et al. (2018). Specific to spring deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,1B |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0158 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_elec (pHNBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pHT at in situ conditions). Only calibration points of salinity (S) > 14.84 were used as discussed in Gonski et al. (2018). Specific to spring deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,2A |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0114 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_elec (pHNBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pHT at in situ conditions). Only a subset of data above salinity (S) = 20 was used as discussed in Gonski et al. (2018). Specific to spring deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,2B |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0123 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_DIC-TA (pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using CO2SYS). Specific to summer deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,1 |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0121 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calibrated pH on the total scale calculated using the Honeywell Durafet's external reference electrode. Calibrated using pH^disc_elec (pHNBS measured with a glass electrode corrected to pHT at in situ conditions). Specific to summer deployment. |
Abbreviation: |
pH^EXT_final,2 |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
0.0105 pH units |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Anomalies between values of pH^INT_final and pH^EXT_final. Quantity is equal to pH^INT_final minus pH^EXT_final for a given time stamp |
Abbreviation: |
Del_pH_INT-EXT |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Calculated pHT of discrete bottle samples collected to gauge intra-deployment conditioning. More specifically, pH on the total scale calculated from measured DIC and TA at in situ temperature, salinity, and pressure using Excel macro CO2SYS (Pierrot et al., 2006) using the inorganic carbon dissociation constants of Millero et al. (2006), the bisulfate ion acidity constant of Dickson (1990), and the boron-to-chlorinity ratio of Lee et al. (2010). |
Abbreviation: |
pH^Cond_DIC-TA |
Unit: |
pH |
Uncertainty: |
Not Reported |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
Excess Alkalinity. Difference between measured total alkalinity and alkalinity calculated from measured DIC and pH^field_NBS. The latter value was calculated in the Excel macro CO2SYS (Pierrot et al., 2006) using the norganic carbon dissociation constants of Millero et al. (2006), the bisulfate ion acidity constant of Dickson (1990), and the boron-to-chlorinity ratio of Lee et al. (2010). |
Abbreviation: |
Del_TA |
Unit: |
umol kg-1 |
Uncertainty: |
Not reported |
Researcher name: |
Stephen F. Gonski |
Researcher institution: |
University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy (now at: University of Calgary, Department of Geography) |
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET: Gonski, S. F., Cai, W.-J., Ullman, W. J., Joesoef, A., Main., C. R., Pettay, D. T., and Martz, T. R. (2017). Assessment of the suitability of Durafet-based sensors for pH measurement in dynamic estuarine environments. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science, 200, 152-168.
Voynova, Y. G., Lebaron, K. C., Barnes, R. T., and Ullman, W. J. (2015). In situ response of bay productivity to nutrient loading from a small tributary: The Delaware Bay-Murderkill Estuary tidally-coupled biogeochemical reactor. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science, 160, 33-48.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Gonski et al. (2018) - Supplementary Materials (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.10.020)
FUNDING AGENCY: University of Delaware Provost's Office and the College of Earth
PROJECT TITLE:
Delaware Sea Grant award (HCE-23)
PROJECT ID:
SMSP175136
SUBMITTED BY: Wei-Jun Cai (wcai@udel.edu)
SUBMISSION DATE: 2017-11-15