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Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28 (NCEI Accession 0162030)

INVESTIGATORS:
Rik Wanninkhof ORCID logo - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Denis Pierrot ORCID logo - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Kevin F. Sullivan - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)

PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset consists of the surface underway measurements of Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm), Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm), Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm), Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hPa), Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hPa), Water temperature in equilibrator (°C), Sea surface temperature (°C), Sea surface salinity, Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (μatm), Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (μatm), Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (μatm). The measurement were performed during the SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28.

CITE AS: Wanninkhof, Rik; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Pierrot, Denis (2017). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from SOOP M/V Las Cuevas cruises in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from 2009-09-12 to 2009-10-28 (NCEI Accession 0162030). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5hh6h80. Accessed [date].


DATA PACKAGES RELATED TO THIS ONE:
none;
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0162030
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.7289/v5hh6h80
EXPOCODE: 74X120090912; 74X120090929; 74X120091019;
CRUISE ID: LasC00-09; LasC01-09; LasC02-09;

TYPES OF STUDY:
Surface underway;

TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 2009-09-12
END DATE: 2009-10-28

SPATIAL COVERAGE:
NORTH: 30.3
WEST: -97.1
EAST: -61.5
SOUTH: 10

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Carribean Sea;Gulf of Mexico;

PLATFORMS:
M/V Las Cuevas (ID: 74X1);

RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP);

VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:

pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous
Abbreviation: fCO2_SW@SST
Unit: uatm
Observation type: Surface underway
Measured or calculated: Measured
Sampling instrument: Seawater pump
Location of seawater intake: Sea chest under the engine room
Analyzing instrument: Infrared Analyzer: LI-COR model 6262
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
Equilibrator type: Sprayhead above dynamic pool, no thermal jacket
Equilibrator volume: 0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace)
Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented
Water flow rate: 1.5 - 2.0 L/min
Gas flow rate: 70 - 150 ml/min
How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer
How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: External Setra 270 connected to the exit of the analyzer
Drying method for gas: Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry).
SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc
SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262
SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: +/- 2 uatm in fCO2_SW
SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: Precision: +/- 0.01 uatm in fCO2_SW
Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 7 hours. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures three rounds of 6 atmopherice samples followed by 50 surface water samples. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 2 minutes prior to a stop-flow measurement.
Standardization frequency: Every 7 hours
Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.
Standard gas concentration: Std 1: CA3095, 247.01 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 2: CA3880, 318.94 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 3: CA5979, 381.89 ppm, owned by AOML, used every 4.5 hours. Std 4: CA6380, 448.29 ppm, owned by ESRL, used every 4.5 hours.
Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm
Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).
Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).
At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature
Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value
Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
Researcher name: Denis Pierrot
Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML
Sea Surface Temperature
Abbreviation: SST_C
Unit: degrees celcius
Observation type: Surface Underway
Analyzing instrument: SBE 48, Seabird, Inc.
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: From Beginning to 16 Nov 2011, a SBE48 (Magnetic Hull mounted) sensor was used. It was located on the wall of the sea chest.
Uncertainty: Accuracy: 0.001C, Precision: 0.00025C
Researcher name: Denis Pierrot
Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML
Sea Surface Salinity
Abbreviation: SAL_permil
Observation type: Surface Underway
Analyzing instrument: SBE 45, Seabird, Inc.
Uncertainty: Accuracy: +/- 0.005; Precision: 0.0002
Researcher name: Denis Pierrot
Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML
Atmospheric Pressure
Abbreviation: PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa
Unit: hPa
Sampling instrument: Druck RPT350
Uncertainty: Accuracy: +/- 0.08 hPa; Precision: 0.01 hPa
Researcher name: Denis Pierrot
Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML
PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:
Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005
Feely, R.A., R. Wanninkhof, H.B. Milburn, C.E. Cosca, M. Stapp, and P.P. Murphy, A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships, Analytica Chim. Acta, 377, 185-191, 1998.
Wanninkhof, R., & Thoning, K. (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2–4), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
none;
FUNDING AGENCY:
NOAA Climate Program Office Program
PROJECT TITLE: Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships of Opportunity (SOOP)
PROJECT ID:

SUBMITTED BY: Kevin F. Sullivan (Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov)

SUBMISSION DATE: 2017-02-09