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Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on seawater scale, total alkalinity (TA), water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations during NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise 31RBOACES24N_2, OACES-98 (EXPOCODE 33RO19980123), along the WOCE Section A05 in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1998-01-23 to 1998-02-23 (NCEI Accession 0113920)

INVESTIGATORS:
Frank J. Millero - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
David S. Bitterman - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Kitack Lee - Pohang University of Science and Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering
Rik Wanninkhof ORCID logo - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)

PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: This dataset includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected during NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise 31RBOACES24N_2, OACES-98 (EXPOCODE 33RO19980123), along the WOCE Section A05 in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1998-01-23 to 1998-02-23. These data include partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide (pCO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on seawater scale, total alkalinity (TA), water temperature, salinity, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), delta carbon-13, delta carbon-14, dissolved oxygen and total organic carbon (TOC). The instruments used to collect these data include Alkalinity titration, CTD, Coulometer for DIC measurement, flask with closed headspace for discrete carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, bottle and spectrophotometer. These data were collected by Kitack Lee of Pohang University of Science and Technology; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frank J. Millero of Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Rik Wanninkhof and D. Bitterman of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory as part of the WOCE_AR01(A05), CARINA/33RO19980123 data set. The CARINA (CARbon dioxide IN the Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and U.S. partners. It has produced a merged internally consistent dataset of open ocean subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular, studies involving the carbon system. The original focus area was the North Atlantic Ocean, but over time the geographic extent expanded and CARINA now includes data from the entire Atlantic, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.

CITE AS: Millero, Frank J.; Lee, Kitack; Wanninkhof, Rik (2013). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH on seawater scale, total alkalinity (TA), water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations during NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise 31RBOACES24N_2, OACES-98 (EXPOCODE 33RO19980123), along the WOCE Section A05 in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1998-01-23 to 1998-02-23 (NCEI Accession 0113920). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.woce_a05_1998. Accessed [date].


DATA PACKAGES RELATED TO THIS ONE:
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:
NCEI ACCESSION: 0113920
NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.woce_a05_1998
EXPOCODE: 33RB19980124; 33RO19980123;
CRUISE ID: 31RBOACES24N;
SECTION/LEG: WOCE_AR01(A05);

TYPES OF STUDY:
Discrete measurement;Profile;

TEMPORAL COVERAGE:
START DATE: 1998-01-24
END DATE: 1998-02-23

SPATIAL COVERAGE:
NORTH: 27.916
WEST: -79.937
EAST: -13.3698
SOUTH: 24.4983

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:
Atlantic Ocean;

PLATFORMS:
Ronald H. Brown (ID: 31RO);

RESEARCH PROJECT(S):
none;


VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
Abbreviation: DIC
Observation type: discrete
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation
Measured or calculated: Calculated
Replicate information: 1000 replicate samples was run using a new coulometer cell solution. No systematic difference between the replicates was observed. the 1000 m replicate samples run on both PMEL1 and PMEL2 combined had a standard deviation of 1.3 μmol/kg for 32 sets of duplicates, and the results of the surface replicates yielded a standard deviation of 0.9 μmol/kg for 98 sets of duplicates.
CRM batch number: 40=1985.8 μmol/kg
Total alkalinity
Abbreviation: TA
Observation type: discrete
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation
Measured or calculated: Measured
Type of titration: Metrohm 665 Dosimat
Cell type (open or closed): Closed
Curve fitting method: The titration system used to determine TA consisted of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator and an Orion 720A pH meter controlled by a personal computer (Millero et al., 1993)
Uncertainty: The volume of HCl delivered to the cell is traditionally assumed to have a small uncertainty (Dickson, 1981) and is equated with the digital output of the titrator. Calibrations of the Dosimat burettes with Milli Q water at 25C indicated that the systems deliver 3.000 ml (the value for a titration of seawater) to a precision of 0.0004 ml. This uncertainty resulted in an error of 0.4 μmol/kg in TA.
Method reference: Bradshaw, A. L. and Brewer, P. G., 1988. High precision measurements of alkalinity and total carbon dioxide in seawater by potentiometric titration- 1. Presence of unknown protolyte(s)?, Mar. Chem., 23, 69-86. Millero, F. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M., 1993. Titration alkalinity of seawater, Mar. Chem., 44, 153-16. Taylor, J.K., and Smith S.W., 1959. Precise coulometric titration of acids and bases. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stds., 69A, 153-159. Marinenko, G., and Taylor, J.K., 1968. Electrochemical equivalents of benzoic and oxalic acid. Anal. Chem., 40, 1645-1651. Dickson, A.G., 1981. An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total CO2 from titration data. Deep-Sea Res., 28, 609-623. Millero, F. J., Zhu, X., Liu, X., Roche, M. P., Moore, C., Jolliff, J., 2000. The pH and TA along 24 °North in the Atlantic Ocean. University of Miami Technical Report No. RSMAS-2000-03, 41 pp. Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C.H., Hawley, J.E., and Pytkowicz, R.M., 1973. Measurements of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 897-907. Dickson, A.G. and Millero, F.J., 1987. A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1733-1743
pH
Abbreviation: pH
pH scale: hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]T), seawater scale ([H+]sw)
Observation type: discrete
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation
Measured or calculated: Measured
Temperature of pH measurement: 25C
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater pH was measured using the spectrophotometric procedure (Byrne, 1987) and the indicator calibration of Clayton and Byrne (1993). The indicator was an 8.0-mM solution of Kodak m-cresol purple sodium salt (C21H17O5Na) in MilliQ water. The absorbance ratio of the concentrated indicator solution (RI = 578A/434A) was 0.95. All absorbance ratio measurements were obtained in the thermostatted (25.0+/-0.05C) cell compartments of HP 8453 UV-visible Diode Array Spectrophotometers. Measurements of pH were taken at 25C on the total hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]T) scale, in mol/kg solution, and converted to seawater scale ([H+]sw). The overall precision of the pH measurements obtained from the duplicate samples was +/-0.0006. A total of 1997 samples were measured and 24 of them were rejected.
Uncertainty: The overall precision of the pH measurements obtained from the duplicate samples was +/-0.0006. A total of 1997 samples were measured and 24 of them were rejected.
pCO2 (fCO2) discrete
Abbreviation: fCO2
Observation type: discrete
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation
Measured or calculated: Measured
Seawater volume: 120 mL
Headspace volume: 5 mL
Temperature of measurement: 20C
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC (GC) METHOD (Neill et al. 1997)
Sample replicate information: The precision of the fCO2 measurements was estimated at 0.86% of the signal based on 89 replicate samples.
Uncertainty: 0.86%
Method reference: Neill, C., Johnson, K.M., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D.W.R., 1997. Accurate headspace analysis of fCO2 in discrete water samples using batch equilibration. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42(8), 1774-1783
CTDTMP
Abbreviation: CTDTMP
Unit: DEG_C
Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CTDSAL
Abbreviation: CTDSAL
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
SALNTY
Abbreviation: SALNTY
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CTDOXY
Abbreviation: CTDOXY
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
OXYGEN
Abbreviation: OXYGEN
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
SILCAT
Abbreviation: SILCAT
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: silicate
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
NITRAT
Abbreviation: NITRAT
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
NITRIT
Abbreviation: NITRIT
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
PHSPHT
Abbreviation: PHSPHT
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CFC-11
Abbreviation: CFC-11
Unit: PMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CFC-12
Abbreviation: CFC-12
Unit: PMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CFC113
Abbreviation: CFC113
Unit: PMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
CCL4
Abbreviation: CCL4
Unit: PMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
TCARBN
Abbreviation: TCARBN
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
ALKALI
Abbreviation: ALKALI
Unit: UMOL/KG
Controlled vocabulary name: total alkalinity
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
FCO2
Abbreviation: FCO2
Unit: UATM
Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
FCO2_TMP
Abbreviation: FCO2_TMP
Unit: DEG_C
Controlled vocabulary name: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
PH
Abbreviation: PH
Unit: SWS@25C
Controlled vocabulary name: pH
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
PH_TMP
Abbreviation: PH_TMP
Unit: DEG_C
Controlled vocabulary name: pH
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ
TOC
Abbreviation: TOC
Unit: UMOL/L
Controlled vocabulary name: Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ

PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:
Lee, K., S.-D. Choi, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, T.-H. Peng, R.M. Key, C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, J.L. Bullister, F.J. Millero and A. Kozyr. 2003. An updated anthropogenic CO2 inventory in the Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(4):1116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002067.
Chung, S.-N., G.-H. Park, K. Lee, R.M. Key, F.J. Millero, R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, P.G. Falkowski. 2004. Postindustrial enhancement of aragonite undersaturation in the upper tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean: The role of fossil fuel CO2. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49(2):315-321.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
none;
FUNDING AGENCY:

SUBMITTED BY: Alex Kozyr (Alex.Kozyr@noaa.gov)

SUBMISSION DATE: 2013-10-27

REVISION DATE: 2020-10-08

PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1Version 2.2