#ACCESSION NUMBER: #CONTRIBUTOR: Keith Olson Chief Science Officer Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy., Suite 101 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Email: keitho@nelha.org Phone: 808.327.9585 x251 Fax: 808.327.9586 Web: http://nelha.hawaii.gov/ #ORIGINATOR: same #ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION: same #TITLE: Temperature, salinity, and water chemistry data from quarterly surface transects of the Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program at the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion plant in Keahole, Island of Hawaii 1993-2016 (NCEI Accession xxxxxxx) #ABSTRACT: The NATURAL ENERGY LABORATORY OF HAWAII AUTHORITY (NELHA) is a state agency that operates a unique and innovative ocean science and technology park in Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaii. It supports an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) facility at Keahole Point on the west coast of the Island of Hawaii. Five stations along six transects have been established where quasi-quarterly surface water measurements are acquired for temperature, salinity, bacteria, and 11 water chemistry parameters within 1993 to 2016 from small boats. The original data were provided as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. #PURPOSE: The purpose of the Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program is to fulfill NELHA's regulatory requirements and to protect the unique environmental resources of the Keahole Point area. #PROJECT: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) #FUNDING: State of Hawaii, Natural Energy Laboratory Hawaii Authority #LOCATION EXTREMES: SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 19.711111 SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 19.735 NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 156.0669 WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 156.05 EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W #LOCATION KEYWORDS: North Pacific, Island of Hawaii, Keahole Point #SAMPLING STATIONS: Keahole Point OTEC facility, offshore transects The transect station distances adopted in 1993 are perpendicular to the shoreline extending to the 20 m depth contour. A boat-mounted GPS was employed starting in 9/2007. Prior to that time, the station locations were visually-triangulated; thus, specifics on latitude and longitude coordinates were not made. Below, in the station location summaries, the site IDs have naming convention for the 1993-4/2007 set as TT-NS-DD, where TT is transect number, N is station number, and DD is estimated distance from shore. For 9/2007-2016, the site ID naming convention is TN-DD, where T is the transect number and DD is exact (GPS-measured) distance from shore. Transect 1, file OT-1rawdata.xlsx Description: Located just north of the NELHA Research Campus in the groundwater sampling envelope of anchialine pond A1. Station 1. site ID: 01-1S-8m: site ID: T1-1m: 19 43'55N, 156 03'25W, or 19.7139444, 156.0569444 Station 2. site ID: 01-2S-23m: site ID: T1-10m: 19 43'55N, 156 03'25W or 19.731944, 156.0569444 Station 3. site ID: 01-3S-38m: site ID: T1-50m: 19 43'56N, 156 03'26W or 19.732222, 156.0644444 Station 4. site ID: 01-4S-53m: site ID: T1-100m: 19 43'58N, 156 03'27W or 19.7327778, 156.0575 Station 5. site ID: 01-5S-69m: site ID: T1-500m: 19 43'61N, 156 03'34W or 19.733611, 156.0594444 Transect 2, file OT-2rawdata.xlsx Description: Located just north of the Keahole Point Lighthouse in groundwater sampling envelope of Well-Set 7&8 and seawater return trench 4. Station 1. site ID: 02-1S-8m: site ID: T2-1m: 19 43'52N, 156 03'35W, or 19.7311111, 156.0597222 Station 2. site ID: 02-2S-23m: site ID: T2-10m: 19 43'52N, 156 03'35W, or 19.7311111, 156.0597222 Station 3. site ID: 02-3S-38m: site ID: T2-50m: 19 43'54N, 156 03'36W, or 19.7316667, 156.06 Station 4. site ID: 02-4S-53m: site ID: T2-100m: 19 43'55N, 156 03'37W, or 19.7319444, 156.0602778 Station 5. site ID: 02-5S-69m: site ID: T2-500m: 19 44'06N, 156 03'45W, or 19.735, 156.0625 Transect 3, file OT-3rawdata.xlsx Description: Located seaward of the Keahole Point Lighthouse in the groundwater flow envelope of Well-Set 5. Station 1. site ID: 03-1S-8m: site ID: T3-1m: 19 43'40N, 156 03'43W, or 19.7277778, 156.0619444 Station 2. site ID: 03-2S-23m: site ID: T3-10m: 19 43'40N, 156 03'43W, or 19.7277778, 156.0619444 Station 3. site ID: 03-3S-38m: site ID: T3-50m: 19 43'40N, 156 03'45W, or 19.7277778, 156.0625 Station 4. site ID: 03-4S-53m: site ID: T3-100m: 19 43'40N, 156 03'47W, or 19.7277778, 156.06305556 Station 5. site ID: 03-5S-69m: site ID: T3-500m: 19 43'39N, 156 04'01W, or 19.7275, 156.06694444 Transect 4, file OT-4rawdata.xlsx Description: Located south of the Keahole Point Lighthouse in the groundwater flow envelope of Well-Set 6. Station 1. site ID: 04-1S-8m: site ID: T4-1m: 19 43'36N, 156 03'40W, or 19.7266667, 156.0611111 Station 2. site ID: 04-2S-23m: site ID: T4-10m: 19 43'36N, 156 03'40W, or 19.7266667, 156.0611111 Station 3. site ID: 04-3S-38m: site ID: T4-50m: 19 43'35N, 156 03'41W, or 19.7263889, 156.0613889 Station 4. site ID: 04-4S-53m: site ID: T4-100m: 19 43'34N, 156 03'43W, or 19.7261111, 156.0619444 Station 5. site ID: 04-5S-69m: site ID: T4-500m: 19 43'26N, 156 03'53W, or 19.7238889, 156.0647222 Transect 5, file OT-5rawdata.xlsx Description: Located between the NELHA research campus and the beach park in the groundwater flow envelope of seaswater return trench 5, Well-Set 10 and 13. Station 1. site ID: 05-1S-8m: site ID: T5-1m: 19 43'19N, 156 03'27W, or 19.7219444, 156.0575 Station 2. site ID: 05-2S-23m: site ID: T5-10m: 19 43'19N, 156 03'28W, or 19.7219444, 156.0577778 Station 3. site ID: 05-3S-38m: site ID: T5-50m: 19 43'19N, 156 03'29W, or 19.7219444, 156.0580556 Station 4. site ID: 05-4S-53m: site ID: T5-100m: 19 43'18N, 156 03'31W, or 19.7216667, 156.0586111 Station 5. site ID: 05-5S-69m: site ID: T5-500m: 19 43'14N, 156 03'44W, or 19.7205556, 156.0622222 Transect 6, file OT-6rawdata.xlsx Description: Located south of the beach park in the flow envelope of Well-Set 1, 2, and 9. Station 1. site ID: 06-1S-8m: site ID: T6-1m: 19 42'44N, 156 03'00W, or 19.7122222, 156.05 Station 2. site ID: 06-2S-23m: site ID: T6-10m: 19 42'44N, 156 03'00W, or 19.7122222, 156.05 Station 3. site ID: 06-3S-38m: site ID: T6-50m: 19 42'44N, 156 03'01W, or 19.7122222, 156.0502778 Station 4. site ID: 06-4S-53m: site ID: T6-100m: 19 42'43N, 156 03'03W, or 19.7119444, 156.0508333 Station 5. site ID: 06-5S-69m: site ID: T6-500m: 19 42'40N, 156 03'16W, or 19.7111111, 156.0544444 Comment on why 9/2007-2016 sets have the same coordinates for Station 1 and 2 for select transects: Keith Olson: For practical purposes, I consider the 1 and 10 meter samples duplicates. Between the rocky shoreline, swells and current, it is difficult to keep a boat in the same spot or close to the shoreline. Safety is our first priority, so the 1 meter sample is more like a 5 - 10 meter sample, same is true for the 10 meter sample. If the ocean has a lot of energy during our transect collection, the samples may be more like a 15 meter sample. #BEGIN AND END DATES: 1993-07-27 to 2016-05-03 #SAMPLING PERIODS: usually quarterly each year #PARAMETERS: water chemistry water quality bacteria Specific Seawater paramters: 15 total Phosphate, PO43- (uM and ug P/L) Nitrate and nitrite, NO3- & NO2- (uM and u N/L) Ammonium and ammonia, NH4+ & NH3 (uM and ug N/L) Silicon, Si (uM and ug Si/L) Thymidine diphosphate, TDP (uM and ug P/L) Trimethyl dihydronapthalene, TDN (uM and ug N/L) Total organic carbon, TOC (mgC/L) Turbidity (NTU) Salinity (PSU) Temp (C) pH (unit) Dissolved oxygen, DO (ppm) Fecal Coliform (Bacteria/100 ml) Enterococci (Bacteria/100 ml) #METHODOLOGY: Marine water quality monitoring from 1993 to 2007 followed the 1989 GK & Associateds HOST and NELH Coorerative Environmental Monitoring Program report and incorporated the recommendations from the 1992 West Hawaii Coastal Monitoring Program Guidelines. The frequency of sampling is quarterly. The marine transects utilized a small boat. Site locations were determined based on a salinity survey and proximity to offshore intake pipelines or flow envelopes monitored by groundwater wells, return seawater trenches and anchialine pond locations. These sites were selected by design to provide the earliest detection of change in the groundwater intrusion to the coastal environment. The transect station distances adopted in 1993 are perpendicular to the shoreline extending to the 20 m depth contour. Ocean bottom sampling was included in the sampling regime due to concerns related to dense cold seawater sinking to lower depths when returning to the environment. Surface ocean water samples monitored the brackish, less dense groundwater intrusion into the marine water, which tends to float when the ocean mixing is low. (The deep water samples are not in this dataset, which is only surface samples.) Starting July 2007, ocean transect stations were realigned to the 2004 Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH), Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR) Title 11 Chapter 54. This adjustment required incorporating the coastal sampling program into its ocean transects at specified distances defined by the HAR. It also required the additions of total dissolved phosphorous, total dissolved nitrogrn, pH, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a analytes. A boat-deck mounted GPS was also employed. A peristaltic pump for sampling and a handheld YSI meter for in situ measurements of pH, DO, salinity and temperature. Each data value is a separate sample that is corrected against the calibration of the machine it is run on. The instrumentation is calibrated against a set of standards that are either solutions formulated by our chemists or against a standard that comes in a sealed glass ampoule from a certified lab on the mainland or Europe. A set of samples (15-50) are run on the calibrated instrumentation (machines) over a period of about 2-8 hours depending on the parameter measured. In September 2007, NELHA transitioned from the Technicon AutoAnalyser II to the Astoria-Pacific A2 for its nutrient analysis. The nutrient analysis s a colorimetric method. Dissolved oxygen is measured using the Winkler Titration method, so the samples are preserved with a two chemical process immediately after the sample is taken. #INSTRUMENT TYPES: standard equipment, standard methods perisaltic pump A.G.E Model 2100 precision salinometer YSI 556 multiprobe #REFERENCES: Olson, K., 2016. Annual report for the Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program covering the period July 24, 1982 through June 30, 2015. NELHA technical report, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, April 2016, 692 pp. http://nelha.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/NELHA_14-15_Water_Chemistry_Report3.pdf #SUBMITTING MEDIUM: email attachment #FILE AND DIRECTORY NAMES AND FORMATS: directory ../data/0-data contains files as provided to NCEI directory ../data/1-data contains files created by NCEI directory ../data/0-data filenaming convention: 0-data/OT-Wrawdata.xlsx where W= Transect Number (1-6) format: Microsoft Excel Worksheet content: data sheets: a sheet is given for each station columns: Header of columns clearly described for the Site ID, Date, Time, GPS-coordinates (as available) and parameters (some of which are stored in 2 unique units). Missing data are left blank. directory ../data/1-data filenaming convention: OT-Wrawdata_Station_X.csv where W= Transect Number (1-6) X= Station Number format: comma-separated version, text file content: from the original data, these are redundant copies, which have been exported into CSV files, with a unique file for each sheet (station) within each transect spreadsheet. #DATASET SIZE: 974 kbytes #NUMBER OF DATA UNITS: 6 transects, 5 stations #MISCELLANEOUS: NCEI Accession Number: 9800047 Title: PRESSURE - WATER and Other Data from FIXED PLATFORM from 19930618 to 19950817 Notes: Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PITCHR) one-minute averages of water temperature for surface and deep intakes of the Keahole OTEC pipelines. NCEI Accession Number: 0001623v1.1 Title: Temperature, salinity and water chemistry data from the Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion plant at Keahole, Island of Hawaii, from shallow and deep intake pipes during 1982 - 2004 Notes: weekly to monthly sample intervals, shallow and deep intakes NCEI Accession Number: 0001623v2.2 Title: Temperature, salinity, and water chemistry data from the Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion plant at Keahole, Island of Hawaii, from shallow and deep intake pipes during 1982-2016 (NCEI Accession 0001623v2.2) (NCEI Accession 0001623)