#DATA_DATES: 1995/07/07 21:34:00 --- to --- 1995/12/14 15:42:00 #LON_RANGE: 74.10 W --- to --- 64.54 W #LAT_RANGE: 32.50 N --- to --- 40.66 N #DEPTH_RANGE: 5 --- to --- 408 m #SAC_CRUISE_ID: 00905 #PLATFORM_NAME: M.V. Oleander (commercial container vessel) #PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR_NAME: T.Rossby, C.Flagg, E. Gottlieb, G.Schwartze #PI_INSTITUTION: University of Rhode Island #PI_COUNTRY: USA #PROJECT: The Oleander Project #CRUISE_NAME: ole1995_2 #PORTS: Port Elizabeth, New Jersey --- to --- Hamilton, Bermuda #GEOGRAPHIC_REGION: Northwest Atlantic Ocean #PROCESSED_BY: University of Rhode Island #NAVIGATION: gps #QUALITY_NAV: good #GENERAL_INFORMATION: CRUISE NOTES CHIEF SCIENTIST ON SHIP : none SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS : 6/16-7/6: compass, gps, communications (hardware) failures : 7/28-10/18: no reliable data due to hardware removals and reinstallations, communications problems : other short data gaps due to bad weather : equipment failure mid-December SPECIAL SHIP TRACK PATTERNS : weekly ship schedule is as follows: Friday - leave Elizabeth (outbound) Sunday - arrive Hamilton Tuesday - leave Hamilton (inbound) Thursday - arrive Elizabeth COMMENTS : The only significant deviations from the weekly schedule are due to bad weather and port conflicts, and typically are no more than 24 hours. : cruise listing in 00905_list.txt ADCP INSTRUMENTATION MANUFACTURER : RD Instruments (RDI) HARDWARE MODEL : RD-VM150 SERIAL NUMBERS : ADCP = 536 / XDUC = 449 FIRMWARE VERSION : 17.10 TRANSMIT FREQUENCY : 153 kHz TRANSDUCER CONFIGURATION : JANUS CONCAVE ACOUSTIC BEAM WIDTH : TRANSDUCER BEAM ANGLE : 30 deg. COMMENTS : ADCP INSTALLATION METHOD/DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHMENT TO THE HULL : A seachest (well) is flush-welded to the vessel's hull, so that the seachest bottom is flush with the hull's outer surface (the vessel bottom is perfectly flat and smooth with no protuberances). The transducer is mounted on a top-hat which is bolted on top of the seachest, such that the transducer bottom is slightly above the level of the seachest bottom. For transducer removal, a water-tight cover plate is bolted over the seachest opening. LOCATION/DEPTH ON HULL : The seachest is located several meters foreward and starboard of the vessel's center point. Vessel draught is load- dependent, and averages about 4.9 m Hamilton-bound (outbound) and 4.4 m Elizabeth-bound (inbound). REPEATABLE ATTACHMENT : YES DATE OF MOST RECENT ATTACH. : ACOUSTIC WINDOW : NO COMMENTS : vessel length 117.5 m breadth 19.8 m weight 4950 tonnes speed 16 knots ADCP INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION ELZ NAR NBN (NYB) NBS SLS NWA BER DEPTH RANGE UPPER (m) : 9.5 9.5 9.5 (14) 11 20 20 9.5 DEPTH RANGE LOWER (m) :15.5 15.5 47.5 (158) 107 404 404 15.5 BIN LENGTH (m) : 1 1 1 (4) 2 8 8 1 NUMBER OF BINS : 8 8 40 (38) 50 50 50 8 TRANSMIT PULSE LENGTH (m) : 1 1 2 (4) 4 16 16 1 BOTTOM TRACKING : no no yes (yes) yes no no no BLANKING INTERVAL : ... 4 m ... ENSEMBLE AVERAGING INTERVAL : ... 300 s ... SOUND SPEED CALCULATION : ... FUNCTION OF TEMP AT TRANSDUCER ... DIRECT COMMANDS : FH00001 E0005020099 CF25 COMMENTS : A user exit program automatically resets the instrument configuration based upon geographic location. The locations are Port Elizabeth (ELZ), Verrazano Narrows (NAR), New York Bight (NYB), Slope Sea (SLS), Northwest Atlantic (NWA), and Bermuda (BER). NYB and SLS are separated by the shelf break, and SLS and NWA are separated by the mean location of the Gulf Stream. After 93/10/22 the NYB region is split into north and south regions (NBN and NBS). ADCP DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS : RDI, Chris Humphries, Charlie Flagg, and Joe Lewkowicz SOFTWARE VERSIONS : DAS 2.48 DATA LOGGER, MAKE/MODEL : ADCP/LOGGER COMMUNICATION : serial USER BUFFER VERSION : UH user exit "UE4"; 1920 buffer version CLOCK : PC clock COMMENTS : SHIP HEADING INSTRUMENT MAKE/MODEL : Anschutz SYNCHRO OR STEPPER : synchro before 93/6/17, stepper after SYNCHRO RATIO : 360:1 COMPENSATION APPLIED : NO GPS ATTITUDE SYSTEM : Ashtech 3DF installed 94/9/24 LOCATION OF ANTENNAS : Array located on port forward corner of flying bridge, in an "L" shape with about 3.5 m baseline distance between antennas. RIGID ATTACHMENT : YES - stainless steel rods clamped to brackets welded to rail. LOGGING RATE : 1 per sec COMMENTS : ANCILLARY MEASUREMENTS SURFACE TEMP AND SALINITY : thermistor at transducer; no salinity PITCH/ROLL MEASUREMENTS : none HYDRO CAST MEASUREMENTS : none BIOMASS DETERMINATION : YES - Using AGCAVE.COM DATE OF LAST CALIBRATION : CALIBRATION COEFFICIENTS : BEAM-AVERAGED AGC AVAILABLE?: YES CALIBRATION NET TOWS? : YES - Plankton recorder towed one trip per month COMMENTS : NAVIGATION TRANSIT : NO GPS : YES MAKE/MODEL : Magnavox MX4200 SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY : YES P-CODE : NO DIFFERENTIAL : NO SAMPLE INTERVAL : 1 per sec LOCATION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO TRANSDUCER : antenna on flying bridge, roughly 80 m aft, 8 m to port TIME OBTAINED RELATIVE TO START/END OF ENSEMBLE : end AVERAGING/EDITING APPLIED : LOGGED WITH ADCP DATA : YES - user exit program LOGGED INDEPENDENTLY : NO COMMENTS : OTHER : ADCP DATA PROCESSING/EDITING PERSONNEL IN CHARGE : E. Gottlieb/G. Schwartze SOUND SPEED CORRECTIONS : applied using transducer temperature DATE OF PROCESSING : 1995/1996 ADDED TO NODC DB : OCT 2005 NOTABLE SCATTERING LAYERS : almost every trip a vertically migrating scattering layer is observed just off the shelf break COMMENTS : occasional bad data on shelf remain in database CALIBRATION GYROCOMPASS CORRECTION : YES - profile by profile rotation based on gps heading offsets WATER TRACK METHOD : NO - ship never stops during trip BOTTOM TRACK METHOD : YES AMOUNT OF TIME AVAILABLE : about 6 hours/trip (=about 12.5%) TOTAL No. CALIBRATION PTS: one/trip (after reducing residuals) TIME VARIANT : VELOCITY DEPENDENT : HEADING DEPENDENT : YES - depending on outbound (heading about 135 deg. T) or inbound (about 315) if Ashtech not available AMPLITUDE : 1.013 PHASE : -1.89 AGREEMENT WITH PREVIOUS CRUISES : COMMENTS : Bottom tracking is done for about six hours each trip (while traversing the shelf). : Ashtech data usable for all included cruises NAVIGATION CALCULATION NAVIGATION USED : gps REFERENCE LAYER DEPTH RANGE : bins 5-15 FILTERING METHOD FOR SMOOTHING REFERENCE LAYER VELOCITY (FORM/WIDTH) : Blackman window, half-width = 0.5 hour FINALIZED SHIP VEL/POSITIONS STORED IN DATABASE : YES COMMENTS : QUALITY ASSESSMENT ON-STATION VS. UNDERWAY : All data underway, no stations. Quality ranges from excellent to poor depending on load and sea state. VECTOR, CONTOUR, STICK PLOTS: excellent to poor COMMENTS : Data quality is dependent upon load and sea state, most likely due to signal attenuation by a bubble layer under the hull (the hull bottom is perfectly flat). For a quiet seas outbound trips are of excellent quality and inbound are fair; for very heavy seas most data is poor. For moderate seas overall quality ranges from good to marginal. REFERENCES (DATA REPORTS,ETC) : Gottlieb, Rossby, Schwartze, Cornillon, and Flagg (1994). The Oleander Project First-Year Results: Gulf Stream ADCP Measurements from October 1992 to October 1993. Proceedings from the Atlantic Climate Change Program meeting, May 1994, Princeton, NJ. ed. Anne-Marie Wilburn. Gottlieb, Rossby, Schwartze, and Flagg (1995). The Oleander Project: Measuring the Gulf Stream using and ADCP mounted on a Volunteer Observing Ship. Proceedings from the Atlantic Climate Change Program meeting, May 1995, Miami, Florida. ed. Anne-Marie Wilburn. (both available upon request from Anne-Marie Wilburn, AOML/NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 -or- wilburn@aoml.erl.gov) Flagg, C., G. Schwartze, E. Gottlieb and T. Rossby. 1998. Operating an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) aboard a container vessel. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 15, 257-271. Rossby, T. and E. Gottlieb. 1998. The Oleander Project: Monitoring the variability of the Gulf Stream and adjacent waters between New Jersey and Bermuda. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 79, 5-18. Ryan, J. P. 1998. Enhanced chlorophyll along the continental shelfbreak and shelf-slope front of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank during the spring transition. Ph.D. thesis, University of Rhode Island. Rossby, H. T. and G. Schwartze. 1999. The Oleander project: Tracking ocean currents from a volunteer observing ship. Maritimes, 41(1), 10-14. Ryan, J. P. 1999. Surfing the scientific wake of a merchant vessel. Maritimes, 41(1), 7-9. Ryan, J. P., J. A. Yoder, P. C. Cornillon, and J. A. Barth. 1999. Chlorophyll enhancement and mixing associated with meanders of the shelfbreak front in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 23,479-23,493. Ryan, J. P., J. A. Yoder, and P. C. Cornillon. 1999. Enhanced chlorophyll at the shelfbreak of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Georges Bank during the spring transition. Limnology and Oceanography, 44, 1-11. Rossby, T. and H. M. Zhang. 2001. The near-surface velocity and potential vorticity structure of the Gulf Stream. J. Mar. Res., 59, 949-975. Stoermer, S. A. 2002. Ekman flow and transports in the northwest Atlantic from acoustic Doppler current profiler data. M.S. thesis, University of Rhode Island. Schollaert, S. E., T. Rossby and J. A. Yoder. 2003. Inter-annual variability of phytoplankton chlorophyll: Monitoring slope waters linked to the Gulf Stream. Earth System Monitor, 13(3). Schollaert, S. E., T. Rossby and J. A. Yoder. 2004. Gulf Stream cross-frontal exchange: possible mechanisms to explain inter-annual variations in phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Slope Sea during the SeaWiFS years. Deep-Sea Res. II, 51, 173-188. Stammer, D. and J. Theiss. 2004. Velocity Statistics and momentum stresses inferred from the TOPEX/POSEIDON-JASON Tandem Mission Data. J. Marine Geodesy, 27, 551-576. Rossby, T., C. N. Flagg and K. Donohue, 2005. Interannual variations in upper-ocean transport by the Gulf Stream and adjacent waters between New Jersey and Bermuda. J. Mar. Res., 63, 203-226.