#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER:


#ACCESSION NUMBER:


#CONTRIBUTOR:
Dr. Jo-Ann Leong
Dr. Paul Jokiel
Dr. Ku'ulei Rodgers
Mr. Erik Franklin

#CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Department Of Oceanograhpy
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University Of Hawaii 
P.O. Box 1346  
Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA

#ORIGINATOR:
same

#ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION:
same

#TITLE: 
Hawaii Institute for Marine Biology and NOAA National Ocean Service, 
Marine Sanctuary Program Partnership, in affiliation with the Coral 
Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, 2007 Survey of the Northwestern 
Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve: Digital Still Images 

#ABSTRACT:
Rapid Assessment Transects were conducted in 2007 in the
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument of the Northwest
Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve.  The surveys
were led by Dr. Paul Jokiel and Mr. Erik Franklin along various
depth contours at 7 unique atolls or islands. This dataset consists 
of digital still transect images (JPG files).  Digital images are 
important for future researchers to resolve any questions about how 
the image data were interpreted for the quantitative database, to 
provide the opportunity to re-analyze the images using other methods, 
and to return to the same locations for future comparisons.

In a separate NODC Accession (0000881), benthic data for substrate types 
and coverages are given, which were derived objectively from these 
photographic images using PhotoGrid, a software package which analyzes 
random points on images of coral reefs and substrate. 

#PROJECT: 
Funding and support:
Partnership between the Hawaii Institute for Marine Biology and the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service,
Marine Sanctuary Program

Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) support: 
Funding and support:
Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service
United States Geological Survey
State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of
Aquatic Resources
Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Program
Limahuli National Botanical Garden
Save Our Seas

#PURPOSE:
The surveys provide an important assessment of the status of the
coral ecosystem.  For CRAMP purposes, the surveys expand the spatial 
range of habitats and add to the extensive database for the main
Hawaiian Islands.  These will augment the CRAMP Ecological Gradient 
Model to compare sites throughout the archipelago and to assess the 
condition of the sites. 

#LOCATION EXTREMES:
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 23.05648 
SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 28.42782 
NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 178.369
WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W 
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 161.919
EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W  

#LOCATION KEYWORDS: 
North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Hawaii Islands, 
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument,
Nihoa, Gardner Pinnacles, Laysan, Lisianski, Pearl and Hermes Atoll,
Kure, Midway

#SAMPLING STATIONS:
see ../data/0-data/NWHI_2007sitedates_Coordinates.csv

#BEGIN AND END DATES: 
yyyymmdd
20070708 - 20070722

#SAMPLING PERIODS:
see ../data/0-data/NWHI_2007sitedates_Coordinates.csv

#PARAMETERS: 
digital still images

#METHODOLOGY:
Non-overlapping digital stills are taken to assess the characteristics 
of benthic populations via rapid assessment transects (RATs), which are an
abbreviated version of the CRAMP long-term monitoring sites.  RATs have 
one-10 m transect instead of 10-10 m transects for the long-term 
monitoring sites for benthic cover.  High resolution digital images are 
taken along a 10 m transect using an Olympus 5050 zoom digital camera 
with an Olympus PT050 underwater housing. The camera is mounted to an 
aluminum monopod frame, 1.7 m from the substrate to provide a 50x69 cm 
image. A 6 cm bar provides a measurement scale. 

Subsequenty, data in a separate NODC Accession, 0000881, are derived via 
the software program PhotoGrid (Bird 2001), which is used to quantify percent 
cover, richness and diversity of corals, algal functional groups and 
substrate cover. Images are downloaded and the 20 non-overlapping images 
from each 10 m transect are imported into PhotoGrid where 50 randomly 
selected points are projected onto each image for a total of 1,000 
points per transect. 

#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
digital camera: Olympus 5050 zoom digital camera

#REFERENCES: 
Brown, E, E Cox, B Tissot, K Rodgers, and W Smith (1999). Evaluation of
   benthic sampling methods considered for the Coral Reef Assessment and
   Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawaii. International Conference on
   Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration.
   April 14-16, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
 
#SUBMITTING MEDIUM:
cdrom

#FILE FORMATS: 
Directory tree is as follows:
data/
  0-data/    this denotes original files/directories as received by NODC\

file: NWHI_2007sitedates_Coordinates.csv
comment: spreadsheet format with dates, depths, and locations of dives

  0-data/
    NWHI07 Photogrid Images/  Contains subdirectories with the images
                              with directory names as follows:

        SSSnn Transect/       SSS is site location, nn: subregion
                              as defined in file 
                              0-data/NWHI_2007sitedates_Coordinates.csv
         
         files: SSSnn_xx.JPG  SSSNN as above
                              xx: photo count
#DATASET SIZE:
2452540 Kbytes

#NUMBER OF DATA UNITS:
95 surveys on 7 atolls/islands

#MISCELLANEOUS:
Related data archived by NOAA:
NODC Accession             Comment
0000513                    CRAMP 1999 Coral (benthic) data
0000757                    CRAMP 1999-2000 Coral (benthic) data 
0000969                    CRAMP 1999-2000 Coral (benthic) data 
0000758                    CRAMP 1999-2000 Fish data
0000671                    CRAMP video images 1999
0000728                    CRAMP video images 2000
0000961                    CRAMP video images 2002
0001115                    CRAMP photoquadrat images
0001732                    CRAMP video images 2003
0002313                    CRAMP 2002-2004 Coral (benthic) data
0002312                    Coral Species, Colony Sizes, and Percent Coverage
                             Based on Photoquadrat Images 2000 - 2002
0002464                    CRAMP coral species, substrate type, percent cover,
                             2001-2004
0037908                    CRAMP Still Images, 2004
0039627                    CRAMP Still Images, 2006
0039383                    CRAMP coral species, substrate (benthic) 
                             from Photogrid, 2006
0051060                    CRAMP coral species, substrate (benthic) 
                             from Photogrid, 2007
0000881                    Northwest Hawaii Islands 2007 benthic data
                           (subtrate type and coverage) based on
                           PhotoGrid software analysis of these images