The text below was taken from technical report 90-2 of the Gradulate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. The original report was prepared with LaTeX, but the LaTeX command was removed here along with all the figures. After the publication of the report, some of the data processing procedures were improved and were applied to the data. The data set here is the most recent version but the report and this file here does not reflect these improvements and the resulting changes in data statistics. GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND NARRAGANSETT, RHODE ISLAND THE SYNOP EXPERIMENT: Inverted Echo Sounder Data Report for May 1988 to Aug 1989 GSO Technical Report No. 90-2 by Erik Fields and D. Randolph Watts May 1990 This research program has been sponsored by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE87-17144 and by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-87-K-0235. ABSTRACT The SYNoptic Ocean Prediction experiment (SYNOP) was undertaken with the goal that increased understanding of the Gulf Stream obtained through coordinated observations could be integrated with numerical models, including predictive models of the Gulf Stream. Our moored experiment, which began in fall of 1987, consists of two separate arrays in the Gulf Stream as part of the SYNOP program. The ``Inlet'' array of inverted echo sounders (IES) and deep current meters measure key parameters that describe the variability of the Gulf Stream and deep western boundary current (DWBC) near Cape Hatteras. In this region the Gulf Stream first flows into deeper water and crosses over the DWBC. The ``Central'' array of IESs, in a 350 km square centered on the Gulf Stream near 68 W, monitors the thermocline structure of the Gulf Stream in the region of large meanders and frequent interactions with rings. The array also contains twelve tall current meter moorings, that reach into the Gulf Stream core. Additionally most of the IESs in the interior of the array are outfitted with bottom pressure recorders (PIES). IES data recovered during the summer of 1989 is documented here by plots and tables of basic statistics and pertinent deployment information. Altogether 33 IES records are presented, plus pressure records at 10 sites. The echo sounders were recovered during two cruises of the RV Oceanus, OC207 (26-May-89 to 21-Jun-89) and OC210 (8-Aug-89 to 1-Sep-89). The plots are time series of measured travel time, pressure, temperature; the residual pressure; and low-pass filtered records of residual pressure, thermocline depth, and temperature. A brief description of the experiment is given, the standard steps of data processing and special processing for three IES records that had different problems are discussed. 1. Experiment Descritption and Data Processing 1.1 Introduction In the region northeast of Cape Hatteras, NC, the Gulf Stream has large time-varying meanders. The current shifts within an envelope that grows downstream to several times the instantaneous width of the Gulf Stream itself, and it frequently interacts with powerful currents in eddies adjacent to the Gulf Stream. Fundamental questions remain regarding the dynamics and energy balances governing the meandering. A multi-investigator research effort SYNoptic Ocean Prediction (SYNOP) is being conducted to understand the physics of, and test predictive models of these energetic processes. Our field program is completing the two-year deployment of arrays of high-performance current meter moorings, reaching into the core of the Gulf Stream, and inverted echo sounders with bottom pressure gauges. The arrays are specifically designed for our objectives to understand the structure and energy exchanges associated with Gulf Stream variability throughout an extensive region where meanders are large and frequent interactions with eddies occur. The present study aims to understand the structure, energetics, and dynamics of the Gulf Stream in the region between 70 and 65 W, where meanders are of large amplitude and still growing, and where the adjacent ring and eddy field is vigorous. Using data from current meters, inverted echo sounders (IESs) and IES/bottom pressure sensor combinations, we intend to determine how the path and structure of the Gulf Stream evolve, both according to its internal dynamics and instabilities, and as affected by eddies in the adjacent regions. The full three-dimensional structure of the fluctuations in relation to the mean fields and their gradients determines the directions and strengths of the key energy exchanges between them. The main objective of our program is a more complete, fundamentally improved understanding of these processes. From this understanding the longer term goal is to guide and test a predictive modeling capability for the Gulf Stream. IES data were recovered during the summer of 1989 which span from the previous summer. These records were recovered on two cruises aboard the R/V Oceanus, OC207 (26-May-89 to 21-Jun-89) and OC210 (8-Aug-89 to 1-Sep-89). One other IES was recovered during OC213 (8-Oct-89). The data are presented in plots of travel times, thermocline depth measurements, and for IES's with additional sensors, bottom pressure and temperature. Basic statistics for those records and pertinent deployment information are given in tables. Work is also underway on data being received from five telemetry instruments (TIES's) in the inlet array. The TIESs and associated moorings were deployed during OC210. The IES sites (Figure 1) will continue to be occupied until Aug-1990. Figure 1. Mooring and IES sites. In the inlet array `X's denote deep current meter moorings; in the central array they indicate tall current meter moorings. IESs are located at these sites and at locations marked by the `O's. The two dashed curves indicate the plus/minus 1 std dev envelope of the Stream path. The broken lines crossing diagonally represent the ground tracks of the GEOSAT satellite. 1.2 Site Naming Conventions Two arrays exist (Figure 1), an ``Inlet Array'' near Cape Hatteras consisting of 9 IESs on 3 lines designated A--C, and a ``Central Array'' centered on the Gulf Stream about 68 W with 5 instrument lines, F--J. There are 24 instruments in the central array and 12 of those located in the array's interior at current meter mooring sites are outfitted with bottom pressure recorders. These IES's are referred to as PIES's. The instrument naming convention is to specify the line and the relative position in the line (increasing seaward from the shelf) prefixed by the type of instrument type and year of recovery. For example PIES89H3 would refer to the third instrument, a pressure outfitted IES, in the H line. Thirty-seven IES sites were visited this summer (Figure 1 and 2 Tables 1 and 2). There were only 33 sites in the arrays; some of the sites were revisited for second recoveries. Since some instrument sites had multiple recoveries the associated cruise number of the recovery (207, 210, or 213) will be concatenated to make deployment specification clear. Table 1. Site Locations and Data Returns for The Central Array site lat(N) lon(W) 1st point last point notes IES89F1 37 56.94 69 57.98 12-Jun-88 05-Jun-89 IES89F2 37 24.40 69 46.50 14-Jun-88 14-Aug-89 IES89F3 36 42.10 69 33.60 14-Jun-88 14-Aug-89 IES89G1 38 37.64 69 25.28 24-Oct-87 27-May-89 two track reconstruction, quality lower PIES89G2 37 47.52 69 24.33 27-May-88 12-Sep-89 time released PIES89G3 37 17.40 69 14.53 26-May-88 29-May-89 IES89G4 36 33.19 68 40.49 06-Jun-88 17-Jun-89 IES89H1 39 00.00 68 40.32 11-Jun-88 02-Jun-89 PIES89H2 38 37.88 68 54.20 2 c lost faulty release IES89H2 38 25.80 69 02.00 05-Jun-89 15-Aug-89 15 km down GEOSAT line from lost H2 PIES89H3 38 10.10 68 43.30 11-Jun-88 15-Aug-89 PIES89H4 37 39.80 68 35.40 14-Jun-88 15-Aug-89 PIES89H5 37 10.60 68 17.00 07-Jun-88 14-Aug-89 PIES89H6 36 40.45 68 15.64 23-May-88 03-Jun-89 IES89H7 36 24.53 67 47.06 06-Jun-88 17-Jun-89 IES89H7 36 24.90 67 48.10 17-Jun-89 16-Aug-89 recovered to check detector, was fine PIES89I1 38 47.54 68 06.38 25-May-88 01-Feb-89 insufficent tape, ended 4 month early PIES89I2 38 20.90 67 59.60 09-Jun-88 30-May-89 PIES89I3 37 47.55 67 56.50 2 c lost no response PIES89I4 37 18.50 67 39.30 08-Jun-88 16-Jun-89 PIES89I5 36 49.73 67 27.57 23-May-88 03-Jun-89 tape errors, data quality lower IES89J1 39 10.04 67 47.08 10-Jun-88 30-May-89 IES89J2 38 45.59 67 21.57 10-Jun-88 31-May-89 IES89J3 38 09.03 67 10.06 09-Jun-88 06-Jun-89 IES89J4 37 37.84 67 00.65 10-Jun-88 07-Jun-89 IES89J5 36 59.83 66 56.52 06-Jun-88 16-Jun-89 Table 2. Site Locations and Data Returns for The Inlet Array site lat(N) lon(W) 1st point last point notes IES89A1 35 18.61 74 36.85 2 c lost wouldn't leave bottom IES89A2 34 58.06 74 24.96 2 c recovered no data cold soldier joint on detector card IES89B1 35 45.10 74 28.00 28-May-88 10-Jun-89 IES89B2 35 36.92 74 14.20 30-May-88 10-Aug-89 replaced by telemetry IES IES89B3 35 28.96 74 02.63 29-May-88 10-Aug-89 replaced by telemetry IES IES89B4 35 20.70 73 51.00 29-May-88 11-Jun-89 IES89B4 35 20.80 73 50.50 11-Jun-89 11-Aug-89 replaced by telemetry IES IES89B5 35 12.06 73 40.01 29-May-88 10-Jun-89 IES89B5 35 12.04 73 39.95 11-Jun-89 11-Aug-89 replaced by telemetry IES IES89C1 36 04.67 73 56.90 31-May-88 12-Jun-89 IES89C2 35 46.20 73 32.90 31-May-88 11-Aug-89 1.3 Inverted Echo Sounder Description A detailed description of the IES is presented in Chaplin and Watts (1984) and will not be repeated here. Briefly, however, the IES is an instrument which is moored one meter above the ocean floor and which monitors the depth of the main thermocline acoustically. A sample burst of acoustic pulses is transmitted every half hour. A sample burst consists of twenty-four 10 KHz pings. The round trip travel times to the surface and back are recorded on a digital cassette tape within the instrument. For the PIES's, the measured bottom pressure and temperature are also written to tape at that time. Pressure is an average measurement over a half hour sampling period. (For early model PIES's the temperature is also an average measurement over a half hour sample period. Later models average for slightly less than a minute. In section 1.4.5 this will be explained in detail relative to the actual times associated with the measurements.) 1.4 Data Processing Processing was done on MicroVAX II and MicroVAX III computers. The basic steps include transcription, editing, and conversion into scientific units. The data processing is accomplished by a series of routines specifically developed for the IES. Since these programs are documented elsewhere (Fields, Tracey, and Watts, 1990), the steps are only outlined below. [RAW DATA CASSETTES]: Recorded within the instruments. Contain the counts associated with travel time, pressure, and temperature measurements as a series of integer words of varying lengths. [SDR]: Runs the Sea Data Reader which transfers the data from cassettes to the MicroVAX for subsequent processing. [BUNS]: Converts the series of integer words of varying lengths into standard length 32-bit integer words. [PUNS]: Produces integer listings and histograms of the travel time sample bursts. Provides an initial look at data quality and travel time distributions. The histogram is used to determine the limits for maximum and minimum acceptable travel times for an initial windowing operation in the following step.. The listings are used to establish the first (after launch) and last (before recovery) `on bottom' samples essential for exacting the time base. [MEMOD]: Establishes the time base. Determines the modal value of the travel time burst as the representative measurement after application of several windowing operations. Converts all travel time, pressure and temperature counts into specific units of seconds, decibars, and degrees Celsius, respectively. [FILL]: Checks for proper incrementing of the time base. Missing samples are inserted using interpolated values. [DETIDE]: From user-supplied tidal constituents specific to each site, determines the tidal contribution to the travel times and removes it from the measured values. [DESPIKE]: Identifies and replaces travel time spikes with interpolated values. [SEACOR]: Removes the effects of seasonal warming and cooling of the surface layers from the travel times. At this stage plots of the half-hourly pressure, temperature and travel time are generated. [RESPO] : Removes the tides from the pressure records using tidal response analysis (Munk and Cartwright, 1977) to determine the tidal constituents for each record. [DEDRIFT] : Removes long term drifts associated with the pressure sensor and slight imperfection in the IES master clock frequency. [LOW PASS FILTERING]: A 2nd order 40 hr low-pass Butterworth filter is applied forward and backwards to the travel time, residual pressure, and temperature records. The smoothed series are subsampled at six hour intervals and plotted. The smoothed subsampled travel time is subsequently calibrated to Z . [OBJECTIVE MAPPING]: Produces daily maps of the depth of the 12 C isotherm as documented in Watts, Tracey and Friedlander, 1988. The results of this step are not presented here. Rather they will be presented in a subsequent data report. description 1.4.1 Travel Time Calibration The acoustic travel times (tau) records are shown in Figures 6.1--6.33. Variations in the travel times have been shown to be proportional to variations in the thermocline depth in the Gulf Stream (Watts and Rossby, 1977; Watts and Wimbush 1981, Watts and Johns, 1982). Calibration XBTs were taken at each IES site in order to convert the travel times (tau) into thermocline depths (Z) according to the relation: Z=M*tau + B, where M is a scale factor and the intercept B depends on the depth of the instrument. Regressions of tau versus Z, performed for several instruments, show that the constant (M) value, M = 19.0 m/msec for the 12 C isotherm, is appropriate for all these Gulf Stream sites. The values of B used for each instrument are listed in the tables in Section 2. For practical purposes the main thermocline depth can be represented by the depth of an individual isotherm. For this work, we have chosen the 12 C isotherm since it is situated near the highest temperature gradients of the main thermocline and correlates well with tau(Rossby, 1969; Watts and Johns, 1982). The low-pass filtered travel time records were scaled to the thermocline depths (Z12) and these records are shown in Figures 13.1 --- 13.7. Since tau is resolved to 0.1 msec, the 40 HRLP scaled values are therefore resolved to plus/minus 2 m. However, the accuracy of the offset parameter B is estimated to be plus/minus 25 m for most instruments, judged from the agreement between the several calibration XBTs taken at each site. Relative to this, the 40 HRLP values are resolved to plus/minus 2 m. 1.4.2 Temperature Temperatures (Figures 8.1--8.10, 12.1--12.3, and 15.1-15.3) were measured using thermistors (Yellow Springs International Corp., model 44032 ) controlled by Sea Data Corp. (model DC-37B) electronics cards installed in the IESs, in order to correct the pressure values for the temperature sensitivity of the transducer. The thermistor is inside the instrument, on the pressure transducer, rather than in the water. However, once the temperature probe has reached equilibrium with the surrounding waters, it also provides accurate measurements of the bottom temperature fluctuations (effectively low-pass filtered with a 2-4 hour e-folding equilibrium time). The first 24 half-hourly points were dropped prior to low-pass filtering, since the temperatures took 12 hours to reach equilibrium within 0.001 C. The accuracy of the temperature measurements is about 0.1 C, and the resolution is 0.0002 C. 1.4.3 Bottom Pressure Digiquartz pressure sensor (models 46K-017, 46K-023, and 76KB-032) manufactured by Paroscientific Inc. were used to measure bottom pressure. All pressure measurements were corrected for the temperature sensitivity of the transducer, using calibration coefficients purchased from the manufacturer. The half-hourly measured bottom pressures (Figures 7.1 -- 7.10) are dominated by the tides, however for some of the instruments, the pressures also drift, of the order of 0.1 dbar/yr, monotonically with time. Processing of the pressure measurements includes removing the long-term drift and tides. Tidal response analysis (Munk and Cartwright, 1977) was used to determine the tidal constituents for each instrument. The calculated tides were then removed from the pressure records. The amplitudes, H (dbar), and phases G, (Greenwich epoch), of the constituents are given in the tables in Section 2. The pressure records were dedrifted in the same manner developed by Watts and Kontoyiannis (1990) who have addressed pressure sensor drift and performance. In some records the first 10-40 days exhibit a drift of tenths of decibars. The rate of drift decayed with time and was best approximated by a exponential function. Drifts may also have resulted from slight monotonic drift in the PIES's master clock (O(1 min) in a year long deployment). When present, the form of the drift curve on which the ocean signal resides was chosen to be either exponential, linear, or a combination of the two. Linear drifts were removed when calculations suggested the drift could be explained by a drifting master clock. For the most general form of the drift curve, DRIFT = P1*exp(-P2*t) + P3 + P4*t a design matrix would be composed of (exp(-P2*t[i]), 1, t[i]). The overdetermined set of equations werre solved for coefficients P1, P3 and P4. These coefficients were found subject to the minimization of the rms error of the fit as a function of the decay rate, P2. Minimization was accomplished using the method of parabolic extrapolation and golden sections (Press et al, 1986) to optimally search for P2 with a minimum of function evaluations (fits). The first 12 hr of pressure were ignored since the crystal's temperature was equlibrating. The dedrfted curves were found from the 2 hr subsampled records for computational simplicity. The time was referenced from 1 hour before the first good sample. At a later stage, comparison of geostrophic currents, calculated from adjacent dedrifted pressure sensors versus nearby current meters will be used to verify the dedrift procedure's success. Half of the ten PIES showed some sign of drift. Of the five, one was identified as exponential/linear, two were pure exponential, and the remaining two were pure linear. The fitted drift parameters are listed for each instrument individually, in the site and record information tables of Section 2. The half-hourly pressures are resolved to 0.001 dbar and the mean pressure is accurate to within 1.5 dbar. We estimate that the residual (drift and tide removed) bottom pressure records, shown in Figures 0.1--9.10, have an accuracy (relative to their mean pressure) of better than 0.05 dbar (Watts and Kontoyiannis, 1986). The residual bottom pressure records were low-pass filtered (Figures 14.1 -- 14.3) as mentioned above. 1.4.4 Time Base The date and time were assigned to each sampling period. The Tables (Tables 4 -- 36) in Section 2 report the hours, minutes, and seconds associated with the first and last sampling period as a six-digit number. For the six-hourly subsampled records the times are reported as four-digit numbers. All times are given as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). For processing convenience, the times were converted into yearhours. A yearhour calendar (Table 3) lists the yearhours which correspond to 0000 GMT of each day for non-leap years. (For leap years, the yearhours can be determined by adding 24 to each day after February 28.) There are a total of 8760 hours in a standard year and 8784 hours in a leap year. The yearhours given in this report are referenced to January 1, 1989 at 0000 GMT. Table 3 Yearhour Calendar for Non-Leap Years. The yearhour listed corresponds to 0000 GMT. 1.4.5 Note on Sample Times There were two IES models, URI and Sea Data (hereafter SD). The SDs were produced by Sea Data Corp and designed from the URI model. The two models have different sampling cadences (Figure 4). Consider the 1800 sec (.5 hr) sampling interval. For comparison it is useful to assign the time 0.0 sec to the instant the previous sample was written to tape, 1800 sec would correspond to the instant the sample of interest is recorded. The relative durations and temporal postioning of samples are mapped in Figure 4. Note the locations at which a sample is located. The centers of the measuring interval for each sensor do not coincide except in the case of the URI model's temperature and pressure. In the URI model the travel time measurement is offset by 115 sec (middle of the duration of 24 pings at 10 sec intervals) from the temperature and pressure, located at 900 sec. Figure 4: Sampling Sequences for URI and Sea Data Model IESs. The horizontal length and postion of the boxes represent the duration and relative temporal location of the sampling periods, respectively. Each tic mark represents a minute. In the SD model the travel time is located at 115 + 11.25 sec, pressure will be at 900 sec, and temperature will be at 1771.875 sec (1800 - 56.25/2 sec). The temperature interval is also reduced to 56.25 sec (a sixty-forth of an hour). In the 11.25 sec before the first ping, the SD PIES does it's internal bookeeping and storage to tape. Original processing was done under the wrong understanding that the SD sampled in the same manner as the URI model. The difference was discovered when the phases of tidal constituents showed a quarter hour discrepancy between models. In future work involving the SD instruments the MEMOD step will to be adjusted to use an average of the two temperature samples that nearly bracket the pressure interval (the one near the end of the .5 hr interval and the one just prior to the start) in the pressure sensor's temperature correction. The steps from RESPO onward were reprocessed with the correct time base. The correct times and tidal constants are listed in Tables 4--36. 1.5 Data Recovery Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 2 summarize the data returns from each of the IESs. 34 of 37 instrument recoveries were successful (92%). Losses occurred at A1, H2, and I3. The IES89A1 failed to leave bottom and it was pressumed to have been stuck in the mud. PIES89H2 had a faulty release block and was unable to drop anchor. (PIES89H2 was deployed 15 km down a GEOSAT ground track from the old H2. It was sometimes refered to as H2 to distinguish it's different location from the PIES89H2 ) I3 did not respond to release signals and was not sampling when it was visited for recovery. The data return from the IESs was successful except for the following cases: there was no data recorded at A2 due to a faulty travel time detector board on that IES and loss of a portion of I1 due to an insufficient length of tape. PIES89G2 was recovered on 10/8/89 when it time released, however it stopped logging data a month early for no apparent reason. PIES89G2 did provide data after it's intended original recover date of 5/29/89 and will provide valuable sensor performance information when compared with PIES90G2 deployed at the same location on 6/5/89. The two PIES's coverage overlapped for 100 days. The accuracy of the sensors and the nature of the exponential drift may be evaluated from that period. Overall there was good data in 88 of the records. 1.6 Special Processing for IES89B4_210 In the last 200 hr of IES89B4_210's 1474.5 hr deployment the sequence number was reset 18 times with no apparent explanation. The time base was short 4 hrs and it was assumed that records were lost in the area where the mysterious resetting occurred since the sequence number incremented correctly elsewhere. The resetting had no discernable pattern. Since the record was particularly uneventful (small variance) it was decided to simply add records at eight locations of maximum sequence number. The inserted values were taken equal to the value before the corresponding reset. 1.7 Special Processing for IES89G1_207 G1 is notable for two reasons: it was out for 20 months (10/24/87 -- 5/27/89, deployed during EN169) and secondly it was necessary to reconstruct the record from only two tracks of the four track data storage cassette. The bit map (figure 5) shows how, given only two tracks, the remaining bits of alternating travel time words ( s) may be bit-wise combined to form a complete word. The italicized numbers denote the remaining bits for the first and the third . The first italicized group contains bits 1,2,5,6,9,10, and 13, the second set of italicized bit postions from the third contains bits 3,4,7,8,11, and 12. Together they comprise 13 bits of a whole travel time word. The method was verified on reccords for which all tracks worked, by blanking out tracks 3 and 4 and comparing the reconstituted records with results of the usual processing. For an IES with only small scatter in the agreement is excellent. However for G1 the method proved difficult to implement due to an excessively noisy record resulting from an overly sensitve echo detector. In order to get better sampling size, the output record was combined into three-hourly increments rather than half-hourly. Figure 5: Cassette Tape Bit Layout 1.8 Special Processing for PIES89I5_207 PIES I5 had a defective tape recorder, and many read errors were encounted in the SDR step. The sequence number and measurement records were excessively noisy. Special care was taken to restore the sequence number and thus the time base. Although the records were restored well it is worth noting that spikes (as identified by the DESPIKE code) composed nearly 30 of the records. 2. Individual Site and Record Information Tables The tables that follow provide information about the location, dates, and basic statistics of the data records. Each table documents a single instrument deployment. Some instruments were recovered twice, once during cruise OC207 and again during OC210 (H7, B4, and B5) and thus two tables will be found for these sites. The recovery cruise number will be suffixed to the deployment specification to make the distinction clear (For example IES89B4_207 vs IES89B4_210). General site information, such as position, bottom depth, and launch and recovery times, is given first. Subsequently, details about the travel time, bottom pressure, temperature and thermocline depth records plotted in Sections 3--5 are tabulated. Tables supply the times associated with the first and last data point of each plot. All yearhours are referenced to January 1, 1989 at 0000 GMT. Measurements made during the calendar year prior to the reference date are given as negative yearhours. The first order statistics (minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation) are tabulated for the half-hourly and six-hourly low-passed records (40 HRLP) for each variable of standard IES and PIESs. Note the absolute travel time displayed should not be interpreted as the round trip travel time. For storage economy only the 13 least significant bits are recorded and wrapping occurs. This has the advantage that full-scale resolution of the variation is 200 msec rather than the full absolute time (about 6 sec). The variation in travel time is what is utilized. After calibration to thermocline depth all records are on a common basis. Site and Record Information for IES89B1 Serial Number: 41 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 45.10 N DEPTH: 1975 m 74 28.00 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 28, 1988 0612 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 10, 1989 0855 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 28, 1988 070119 -5224.978 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1989 050119 3845.022 Number of Points: 18141 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.22409 s Mean = 0.21805 s Maximum = 0.21166 s Standard Deviation = 0.00234 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4408 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 29, 1988 0600 -5202 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1989 0600 3822 Number of Points: 1505 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 162.9 m Mean = 265.4 m Maximum = 367.4 m Standard Deviation = 42.7 m Site and Record Information for IES89B2 Serial Number: 78 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 36.92 N DEPTH: 2650 m 74 14.20 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 29, 1988 2353 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 10, 1989 0317 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 30, 1988 003224 -5183.460 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 10, 1989 023224 5306.540 Number of Points: 20981 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.34338s Mean = 0.35087 s Maximum = 0.36395 s Standard Deviation = 0.00382 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 7103.7 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 31, 1988 0000 -5160 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 9, 1989 0600 5286 Number of Points: 1742 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 162.9 m Mean = 265.4 m Maximum = 367.4 m Standard Deviation = 71.1 m Site and Record Information for IES89B3 Serial Number: 77 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 28.96 N DEPTH: 2985 m 74 02.63 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 29, 1988 2038 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 10, 1989 0737 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 29, 1988 213242 -5186.455 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 10, 1989 073242 5311.545 Number of Points: 20997 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.37978 s Mean = 0.38553 s Maximum = 0.40300 s Standard Deviation = 0.00271 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 7938.7 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 30, 1988 1800 -5166 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 9, 1989 0600 5286 Number of Points: 1743 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 294.5 m Mean = 614.0 m Maximum = 708.3 m Standard Deviation = 50.3 m Site and Record Information for IES89B4 Serial Number: 76 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 20.70 N DEPTH: 3325 m 73 51.00 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 29, 1988 1530 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 11, 1989 0344 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 29, 1988 163217 -5191.462 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1989 033217 3867.538 Number of Points: 18119 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.04364 s Mean = 0.04902 s Maximum = 0.05792 s Standard Deviation = 0.00174 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1693.7 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 30, 1988 1800 -5166 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1989 0600 3846 Number of Points: 1503 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 603.6 m Mean = 762.5 m Maximum = 851.4 m Standard Deviation = 32.1 m Site and Record Information for IES89B4 Serial Number: 79 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 20.80 N DEPTH: 3325 m 73 50.50 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 11, 1989 0538 Oc207 RELEASE: Aug 11, 1989 1725 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1989 063112 3870.520 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 11, 1989 170112 5345.020 Number of Points: 2950 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.05094 s Mean = 0.05335 s Maximum = 0.05719 s Standard Deviation = 0.01063 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1720.9 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1989 0600 3894 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 10, 1989 1800 5322 Number of Points: 239 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 647.2 m Mean = 708.2 m Maximum = 738.8 m Standard Deviation = 18.3 m Site and Record Information for IES89B5 Serial Number: 75 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 12.06 N DEPTH: 3620 m 73 40.01 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 29, 1988 1148 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 10, 1989 2153 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 29, 1988 130224 -5194.960 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1989 213224 3861.540 Number of Points: 18114 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.06632 s Mean = 0.05719 s Maximum = 0.04909 s Standard Deviation = 0.00217 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1900.6 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 30, 1988 1200 -5172 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1989 0000 3840 Number of Points: 1503 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 652.9 m Mean = 814.0 m Maximum = 953.1 m Standard Deviation = 39.8 m Site and Record Information for IES89B5 Serial Number: 80 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 12.04 N DEPTH: 3773 m 73 39.95 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 11, 1989 2343 Oc207 RELEASE: Aug 11, 1989 1318 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1989 010116 3865.021 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 11, 1989 130116 5341.021 Number of Points: 2953 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.05100 s Mean = 0.05391 s Maximum = 0.05630 s Standard Deviation = 0.00106 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1796.4 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1989 0000 3888 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 10, 1989 1200 5316 Number of Points: 239 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 739.1 m Mean = 772.5 m Maximum = 816.0 m Standard Deviation = 19.1 m Site and Record Information for IES89C1 Serial Number: 40 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 04.67 N DEPTH: 3130 m 73 56.90 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 31, 1988 0434 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 12, 1989 0915 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 31, 1988 053155 -5154.468 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1989 085906 3896.985 Number of Points: 18104 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.18336 s Mean = 0.19284 s Maximum = 0.20452 s Standard Deviation = 0.00499 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4035.3 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 1, 1988 0600 -5130 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1989 1200 3876 Number of Points: 1502 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 167.6 m Mean = 371.9 m Maximum = 535.1 m Standard Deviation = 93.965 IES89C1 Site and Record Information for IES89C2 Serial Number: 46 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 35 46.20 N DEPTH: 3450 m 73 32.90 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 31, 1988 0915 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 11, 1989 0724 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 31, 1988 101655 -5149.718 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 11, 1989 071308 5335.219 Number of Points: 20971 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.18968 s Mean = 0.19567 s Maximum = 0.20892 s Standard Deviation = 0.00287 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4413.6 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 1, 1988 1200 -5124 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 10, 1989 0600 5310 Number of Points: 1740 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 477.2 m Mean = 696.5 m Maximum = 796.2 m Standard Deviation = 53.3 m Site and Record Information for IES89F1 Serial Number: 47 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 37 56.94 N DEPTH: 3980 m 69 57.98 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 12, 1988 0138 OC200 RELEASE: Jun 5, 1989 0721 OC207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 023155 --4869.468 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 5, 1989 065841 3726.978 Number of Points: 17194 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.38300 s Mean = 0.40087 s Maximum = 0.41211 s Standard Deviation = 0.00655 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 7930 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 0000 --4848 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 04, 1989 0600 3702 Number of Points: 1426 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 123.1 m Mean = 314.3 m Maximum = 636.1 m Standard Deviation = 123.6 m Site and Record Information for IES89F2 Serial Number: 58 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 37 24.40 N DEPTH: 4245 m 69 46.50 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 14, 1988 0150 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 14, 1989 0205 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 14, 1988 024644 --4821.221 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 014644 5401.779 Number of Points: 20447 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.06965 s Mean = 0.04475 s Maximum = 0.03396 s Standard Deviation = 0.00714 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1499 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1988 0000 --4800 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 13, 1989 0000 5376 Number of Points: 1697 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 191.9 m Mean = 649.4 m Maximum = 841.3 m Standard Deviation = 134.9 m Site and Record Information for IES89F3 Serial Number: 61 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 42.10 N DEPTH: 4400 m 69 33.60 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 14, 1988 0609 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 14, 1989 0903 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 14, 1988 070155 --4816.968 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 082942 5408.495 Number of Points: 20452 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.26175 s Mean = 0.26973 s Maximum = 0.28915 s Standard Deviation = 0.00297 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 5962 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1988 0600 --4794 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 13, 1989 0600 5382 Number of Points: 1697 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 603.1 m Mean = 837.3 m Maximum = 976.3 m Standard Deviation = 56.1 m Site and Record Information for IES89G1 Serial Number: 39 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 38 37.64 N DEPTH: 3362 m 69 25.28 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Oct 24, 1987 2022 En169 RELEASE: May 27, 1989 0649 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Oct 25, 1987 094424 --10406.26 LAST DATA POINT: May 26, 1989 184424 3498.740 Number of Points: 4643 Sampling Interval: 3 hr Minimum = 0.07881 s Mean = 0.08956 s Maximum = 0.09476 s Standard Deviation = 0.03337 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1888 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Oct 26, 19887 1200 --10380 LAST DATA POINT: May 25, 1989 1800 3474 Number of Points: 2310 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 92.8 m Mean = 186.4 m Maximum = 388.0 m Standard Deviation = 63.1 m Site and Record Information for PIES89G2 Serial Number: 70 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 33808 POSITION: 37 47.52 N DEPTH: 4060 m 69 24.33 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 27, 1988 0115 Oc200 TIMED RELEASE: Oct 8, 1989 1500 Oc213 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 023155 --5253.468 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 12, 1989 120831 6132.142 Number of Points: 22772 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.19591 s Mean = 0.21319 s Maximum = 0.22733 s Standard Deviation = 0.00787 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4372 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 28, 1988 0000 --5232 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 12, 1989 1200 6108 Number of Points: 1891 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 68.8 m Mean = 321.4 m Maximum = 639.3 m Standard Deviation = 149.0 m PIES89G2 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 024449 -5253.253 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 13, 1989 122125 6132.357 Number of Points: 22772 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4141.68 dbar Mean = 4142.44 dbar Maximum = 4143.29 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32777 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = P3 + P4*t where t = Time of sample in hours, starting with t = 13.0hrs for the first data point P3 = 0.094320 dbar P4 = --1.6555 10 dbar hr TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42965 .09710 .09237 .02186 .08269 .06432 .02720 .01410 G : 352.74 333.93 20.41 22.34 177.35 182.20 178.12 180.12 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 144449 --5241.253 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 13, 1989 122125 6132.357 Number of Points: 22748 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = --0.1443 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.1387 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0399 dbar PIES89G2 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 28, 1988 1200 -5220 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 12, 1989 1200 6108 Number of Points: 1889 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = --0.1203 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.1177 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.037 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 025920 --5253.011 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 13, 1989 123556 6132.599 Number of Points: 22772 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.510 C Mean = 2.557 C Maximum = 2.610 C Standard Deviation = 0.0097 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 28, 1988 0000 --5232 LAST DATA POINT: Sep 12, 1989 1200 6108 Number of Points: 1891 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.512 C Mean = 2.557 C Maximum = 2.602 C Standard Deviation = 0.009 C Site and Record Information for PIES89G3 Serial Number: 69 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 33816 POSITION: 37 17.40 N DEPTH: 4358 m 69 14.53 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 26, 1988 1452 OC200 RELEASE: May 29, 1989 0135 OC207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 160217 --5263.962 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 013217 3553.538 Number of Points: 17636 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.18767 s Mean = 0.19746 s Maximum = 0.22405 s Standard Deviation = 0.00555 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4414 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 1800 --5238 LAST DATA POINT: May 28, 1989 0000 3528 Number of Points: 1462 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 199.6 m Mean = 662.4 m Maximum = 828.7 m Standard Deviation = 104.3 m PIES89G3 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 161510 --5263.747 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 014510 3553.753 Number of Points: 17636 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4456.35 dbar Mean = 4457.11 dbar Maximum = 4457.92 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32336 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = 0.0 TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42744 .09658 .09287 .02206 .08179 .06424 .02695 .01398 : 352.90 334.27 20.63 22.59 178.01 182.75 178.80 180.45 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 041510 --5251.747 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 014510 3553.753 Number of Points: 17612 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = --0.1418 dbar Mean = 0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1794 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0465 dbar PIES89G3 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 28, 1988 0600 --5226 LAST DATA POINT: May 28, 1989 0000 3528 Number of Points: 1460 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = --0.1207 dbar Mean = 0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1537 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0440 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 162942 --5263.505 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 015942 3553.995 Number of Points: 17636 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.576 C Mean = 2.622 C Maximum = 2.685 C Standard Deviation = 0.0105 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 27, 1988 1800 --5238 LAST DATA POINT: May 28, 1989 0000 3528 Number of Points: 1462 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.590 C Mean = 2.622 C Maximum = 2.672 C Standard Deviation = 0.010 C Site and Record Information for IES89G4 Serial Number: 57 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 33.19 N DEPTH: 4675 m 68 40.49 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 6, 1988 0142 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 17, 1989 0905 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1988 030155 --5012.968 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 17 1989 082450 4016.414 Number of Points: 18060 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.23441 s Mean = 0.24419 s Maximum = 0.25376 s Standard Deviation = 0.27461 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 5480 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 07, 1988 0000 --4992 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 0600 3990 Number of Points: 1498 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 683.2 m Mean = 850.6 m Maximum =1022.2 m Standard Deviation = 51.382 Site and Record Information for IES89H1 Serial Number: 30 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 39 00.00 N DEPTH: 3255 m 68 40.32 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 11, 1988 0116 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 2, 1989 0332 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 021655 --4893.718 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 2, 1989 031229 3651.208 Number of Points: 17091 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.32683 s Mean = 0.34289 s Maximum = 0.35020 s Standard Deviation = 0.00521 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 6722 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 0000 --4872 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 1, 1989 0600 3630 Number of Points: 1418 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 89.4 m Mean = 207.4 m Maximum = 495.4 m Standard Deviation = 98.6 m Site and Record Information for IES89H2 Serial Number: 39 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 38 25.80 N DEPTH: 3580 m 69 02.00 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 5, 1989 0056 Oc207 RELEASE: Aug 15, 1989 0922 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 5, 1989 023152 3722.531 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 090152 5433.031 Number of Points: 3422 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.38293 s Mean = 0.39008 s Maximum = 0.39440 s Standard Deviation = 0.00272 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 7593 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1989 0000 3744 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 1200 5412 Number of Points: 279 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 112.5 m Mean = 180.6 m Maximum = 296.3 m Standard Deviation = 50.3 m Site and Record Information for PIES89H3 Serial Number: 65 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 28197 POSITION: 38 10.10 N DEPTH: 4030 m 68 43.30 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 11, 1988 1539 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 15, 1989 0538 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 163217 --4879.462 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 053217 5429.538 Number of Points: 20619 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.14899 s Mean = 0.16890 s Maximum = 0.17573 s Standard Deviation = 0.00364 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 3410 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 1800 --4854 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0600 5406 Number of Points: 1711 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 89.7 m Mean = 200.9 m Maximum = 557.5 m Standard Deviation = 68.5 m PIES89H3 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 164509 --4879.247 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 054509 5429.753 Number of Points: 20619 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4102.14 dbar Mean = 4102.96 dbar Maximum = 4103.79 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32310 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = P1*exp(-P2*t) + P3 where t = Time of sample in hours, starting with t = 13.0hrs for the first data point P1 = --0.26320 dbar P2 = 0.001902 /hr P3 = 0.013198 dbar TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42613 .09661 .09351 .02227 .08131 .06337 .02676 .01384 : 352.76 333.84 20.62 22.50 176.43 181.21 177.24 178.76 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 044509 --4867.247 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 054509 5429.753 Number of Points: 20595 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.1379 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.1412 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0401 dbar PIES89H3 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 13, 1988 0600 --4842 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0600 5406 Number of Points: 1709 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1066 dbar Mean = 0.0002 dbar Maximum = 0.1207 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0375 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 165941 --4879.005 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 055941 5429.995 Number of Points: 20619 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.231 C Mean = 2.260 C Maximum = 2.325 C Standard Deviation = 0.0096 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 12, 1988 1800 --4854 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0600 5406 Number of Points: 1711 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.234 C Mean = 2.260 C Maximum = 2.298 C Standard Deviation = 0.009 C Site and Record Information for PIES89H4 Serial Number: H4 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 19327 POSITION: 37 39.80 N DEPTH: 4445 m 68 35.40 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 14, 1988 1716 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 15, 1989 0121 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 14, 1988 181626 --4805.726 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 004626 5424.774 Number of Points: 20462 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.30626 s Mean = 0.32602 s Maximum = 0.34220 s Standard Deviation = 0.01027 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 6589 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1988 1800 --4782 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0000 5400 Number of Points: 1698 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 105.5 m Mean = 395.5 m Maximum = 748.5 m Standard Deviation = 194.7 m PIES89H4 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 14, 1988 181431 --4805.758 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 004431 5424.742 Number of Points: 20462 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4542.17 dbar Mean = 4542.99 dbar Maximum = 4543.85 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32932 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = P3 + P4*t where t = Time of sample in hours, starting with t = 13.0hrs for the first data point P3 = --0.129100 dbar P4 = 0.000025 dbar/hr TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42651 .09628 .09292 .02207 .08058 .06280 .02647 .01394 G : 352.87 334.01 20.57 22.49 177.09 182.01 177.82 180.32 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1988 061431 --4793.758 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 004431 5424.742 Number of Points: 20438 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.1610 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.1476 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0461 dbar PIES89H4 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1988 0600 ---4770 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0000 5400 Number of Points: 1696 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1283 dbar Mean = -0.0002 dbar Maximum = 0.1343 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0439 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 14, 1988 181431 -4805.758 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 004431 5424.742 Number of Points: 20462 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.353 C Mean = 2.412 C Maximum = 2.500 C Standard Deviation = 0.016 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 18, 1988 0000 --4728 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 0000 5400 Number of Points: 1698 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.354 C Mean = 2.412 C Maximum = 2.480 C Standard Deviation = 0.015 C Site and Record Information for PIES89H5 Serial Number: 71 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 31724 POSITION: 37 10.60 N DEPTH: 4790 m 68 17.00 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 7, 1988 2102 Oc200 RELEASE: Aug 14, 1989 1738 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 7, 1988 220220 --4969.961 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 173220 5417.539 Number of Points: 20776 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.39052 s Mean = 0.40443 s Maximum = 0.42990 s Standard Deviation = 0.01309 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 8265 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 0000 --4944 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 13, 1989 1800 5394 Number of Points: 1724 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 128.8 m Mean = 581.3 m Maximum = 832.3 m Standard Deviation = 246.6 m PIES89H5 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 7, 1988 221512 --4969.743 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 174512 5417.753 Number of Points: 20776 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4935.22 dbar Mean = 4936.20 dbar Maximum = 4937.07 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.33113 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = P1*exp(-P2*t) + P3 where t = Time of sample in hours, starting with t = 13.0hrs for the first data point P1 = --0.47326 dbar P2 = 0.002600 /hr P3 = 0.017783 dbar TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42418 .09586 .09332 .02221 .07929 .06266 .02609 .01386 G : 353.25 334.09 21.43 23.38 177.37 183.08 178.27 180.70 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 8 , 1988 101512 --4957.743 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 174512 5417.753 Number of Points: 20752 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.2051 dbar Mean = 0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1749 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0764 dbar PIES89H5 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 1200 --4932 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 13, 1989 1800 5394 Number of Points: 1722 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1928 dbar Mean = 0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1536 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0752 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 7, 1988 222944 --4969.504 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 14, 1989 175944 5417.996 Number of Points: 20776 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.386 C Mean = 2.461 C Maximum = 2.520 C Standard Deviation = 0.016 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 0000 --4944 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 13, 1989 1800 5394 Number of Points: 1724 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.398 C Mean = 2.461 C Maximum = 2.502 C Standard Deviation = 0.015 C Site and Record Information for PIES89H6 Serial Number: 67 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 33824 POSITION: 36 40.45 N DEPTH: 4883 m 68 15.64 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 22, 1988 2259 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 3, 1989 2237 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 000155 --5351.968 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 223430 3694.575 Number of Points: 18094 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.05112 s Mean = 0.06132 s Maximum = 0.08815 s Standard Deviation = 0.00474 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1995 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 24, 1988 0000 --5328 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 0000 3672 Number of Points: 1501 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 341.2 m Mean = 830.6 m Maximum = 1011.6 m Standard Deviation = 88.6 m PIES89H6 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 001449 --5351.753 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 224724 3694.790 Number of Points: 18094 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4988.02 dbar Mean = 4988.78 dbar Maximum = 4989.61 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32203 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = 0.0 TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42146 .09483 .09293 .02212 .07894 .06172 .02598 .01352 G : 353.79 334.82 21.50 23.41 178.50 183.52 179.15 182.55 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 121449 --5339.753 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 224724 3694.790 Number of Points: 18070 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.1593 dbar Mean = -0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.3433 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0663 dbar PIES89H6 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 24, 1988 1200 --5316 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 0000 3672 Number of Points: 1499 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1268 dbar Mean = -0.0004 dbar Maximum = 0.2754 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0641 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 002921 --5352.511 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 230156 3695.032 Number of Points: 18094 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.464 C Mean = 2.520 C Maximum = 2.565 C Standard Deviation = 0.0106 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 24, 1988 0000 --5328 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 0000 3672 Number of Points: 1501 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.466 C Mean = 2.520 C Maximum = 2.543 C Standard Deviation = 0.0099 C Site and Record Information for IES89H7 Serial Number: 52 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 24.53 N DEPTH: 4880 m 67 47.06 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 6, 1988 0959 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 17, 1989 1545 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1988 110155 --5004.968 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 17, 1989 152812 4023.470 Number of Points: 18058 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.11328 s Mean = 0.12160 s Maximum = 0.13790 s Standard Deviation = .00329 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 3143 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 7, 1988 1200 --4980 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 1800 4002 Number of Points: 1498 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 533.8 m Mean = 832.6 m Maximum = 975.8 m Standard Deviation = 62.0 m Site and Record Information for IES89H7 Serial Number: 41 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 24.90 N DEPTH: 4880 m 67 48.10 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 17, 1989 1756 Oc207 RELEASE: Aug 16, 1989 1236 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 17, 1989 190152 4027.031 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 16, 1989 123152 5460.531 Number of Points: 2868 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.12458 s Mean = 0.13918 s Maximum = 0.15612 s Standard Deviation = 0.01038 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 3127 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 18, 1989 1800 4050 LAST DATA POINT: Aug 15, 1989 1200 5436 Number of Points: 232 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 175.2 m Mean = 483.2 m Maximum = 749.8 m Standard Deviation = 193.9 m Site and Record Information for PIES89I1 Serial Number: 72 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 33822 POSITION: 38 47.54 N DEPTH: 3828 m 68 06.38 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 24, 1988 2328 Oc200 RELEASE: May 30, 1989 1805 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 003155 --5303.468 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 233507 767.75853 Number of Points: 12143 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.29219 s Mean = 0.30313 s Maximum = 0.31320 s Standard Deviation = 0.00371 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 5921 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 0000 --5280 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 0000 744 Number of Points: 1005 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 18.0 m Mean = 161.1 m Maximum = 358.6 m Standard Deviation = 69.4 m PIES89I1 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 004449 --5303.253 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 234801 767.800 Number of Points: 12143 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 3893.05 dbar Mean = 3893.88 dbar Maximum = 3894.68 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.31903 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = 0.0 TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42487 .09608 .09337 .02232 .08065 .06279 .02653 .01372 G : 353.30 335.36 21.11 23.11 175.15 180.68 176.13 177.48 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 124449 --5291.253 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 234812 767.800 Number of Points: 12119 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.1907 dbar Mean = -0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1089 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0433 dbar PIES89I1 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 1200 --5268 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 0000 744 Number of Points: 1003 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1535 dbar Mean = -0.0002 dbar Maximum = 0.0803 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0404 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 005921 --5303.011 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 000232 768.042 Number of Points: 12143 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.493 C Mean = 2.527 C Maximum = 2.799 C Standard Deviation = 0.0197 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 26, 1988 0000 --5280 LAST DATA POINT: Feb 1, 1989 0000 744 Number of Points: 1005 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.494 C Mean = 2.527 C Maximum = 2.607 C Standard Deviation = 0.016 C Site and Record Information for PIES89I2 Serial Number: 66 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 31162 POSITION: 38 20.90 N DEPTH: 4720 m 67 59.60 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 9, 1988 1813 Oc200 RELEASE: May 30, 1989 0649 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 193155 --4924.468 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 062938 3582.464 Number of Points: 17015 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.04123 s Mean = 0.05942 s Maximum = 0.06530 s Standard Deviation = 0.00264 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1313 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 1800 --4902 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 0600 3558 Number of Points: 1411 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 92.9 m Mean = 184.3 m Maximum = 515.9 m Standard Deviation = 49.4 m PIES89I2 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 194449 --4924.253 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 064232 3582.709 Number of Points: 17015 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4328.91 dbar Mean = 4329.90 dbar Maximum = 4330.79 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.33345 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = P1*exp(-P2*t) + P3 + P4*t where t = Time of sample in hours, starting with t = 13.0hrs for the first data point P1 = --0.369500 dbar P2 = 0.002260 /hr P3 = -0.073663 dbar P4 = 0.000022 dbar/hr TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42247 .09551 .09385 .02244 .07996 .06307 .02624 .01422 G : 352.84 334.30 19.86 21.59 175.85 180.80 176.84 176.87 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 074449 --4912.253 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 064232 3582.709 Number of Points: 16991 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.1388 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.1965 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0444 dbar PIES89I2 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 0600 --4890 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 0600 3558 Number of Points: 1409 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.1047 dbar Mean = 0.0001 dbar Maximum = 0.1640 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0407 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 195921 --4924.011 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 065704 3582.951 Number of Points: 17015 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.454 C Mean = 2.489 C Maximum = 2.550 C Standard Deviation = 0.0116 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 1800 --4902 LAST DATA POINT: May 29, 1989 0600 3558 Number of Points: 1411 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.460 C Mean = 2.489 C Maximum = 2.544 C Standard Deviation = 0.011 C Site and Record Information for PIES89I4 Serial Number: 54 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 17849 POSITION: 37 18.50 N DEPTH: 4775 m 67 39.30 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 8, 1988 1748 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 16, 1989 0804 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 8, 1988 190155 --4948.968 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 075928 3991.991 Number of Points: 17883 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.35584 s Mean = 0.36708 s Maximum = 0.39509 s Standard Deviation = 0.010821 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 7610 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 1800 --4926 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1989 0600 3966 Number of Points: 1483 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 117.3 m Mean = 636.7 m Maximum = 832.7 m Standard Deviation = 204.7 m PIES89I4 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 8, 1988 190000 --4949.000 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 075733 3991.959 Number of Points: 17883 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 4906.90 dbar Mean = 4907.67 dbar Maximum = 4908.56 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32976 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = 0.0 TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .42224 .09503 .09424 .02247 .07800 .06181 .02567 .01369 G : 353.21 333.82 20.82 22.58 177.12 182.27 177.86 180.76 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 070000 --4937.000 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 075732 3991.959 Number of Points: 17859 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.3536 dbar Mean = 0.0002 dbar Maximum = 0.3154 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0966 dbar PIES89I4 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 0600 --4914 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1989 0600 3966 Number of Points: 1481 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.3229 dbar Mean = 0.0007 dbar Maximum = 0.2731 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0953 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 8, 1988 190000 --4949.000 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 075733 3991.959 Number of Points: 17883 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.267 C Mean = 2.323 C Maximum = 2.380 C Standard Deviation = 0.0132 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 1800 --4926 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1989 0600 3966 Number of Points: 1483 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.267 C Mean = 2.323 C Maximum = 2.353 C Standard Deviation = 0.013 C Site and Record Information for PIES89I5 Serial Number: 73 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: Pressure and Temperature Pressure Sensor Serial Number: 31694 POSITION: 36 49.73 N DEPTH: 4975 m 67 27.57 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: May 23, 1988 2055 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 3, 1989 0837 Oc210 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 223231 --5329.458 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 080231 3680.042 Number of Points: 18020 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.16916 s Mean = 0.18094 s Maximum = 0.21013 s Standard Deviation = 0.00703 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4246 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 0000 --5304 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 2, 1989 0600 3654 Number of Points: 1494 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 279.5 m Mean = 809.4 m Maximum = 1008.3 m Standard Deviation = 130.5 m PIES89I5 (continued) MEASURED PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 224523 --5329.244 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 081523 3680.257 Number of Points: 18020 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 5081.76 dbar Mean = 5082.61 dbar Maximum = 5083.47 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.32507 dbar RESIDUAL PRESSURE RECORDS P_residual = P_measured - MEAN - DRIFT - TIDE DRIFT = 0.0 TIDE calculated from the following constituents: M2 N2 S2 K2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 H (dbar): .41636 .09365 .09320 .02226 .07641 .06031 .02513 .01337 G : 353.51 334.34 21.62 23.57 177.68 182.75 178.58 179.85 DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 24, 1988 104523 --5317.244 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 081523 3679.257 Number of Points: 17996 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = -0.3650 dbar Mean = 0.0000 dbar Maximum = 0.2510 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0943 dbar PIES89I5 (continued) 40HRLP PRESSURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 1200 --5292 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 2, 1989 0600 3654 Number of Points: 1492 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = -0.3298 dbar Mean = 0.0009 dbar Maximum = 0.2186 dbar Standard Deviation = 0.0921 dbar TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 23, 1988 225955 --5329.001 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 3, 1989 082955 3680.499 Number of Points: 18020 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hrs Minimum = 2.430 C Mean = 2.491 C Maximum = 2.535 C Standard Deviation = 0.0137 C 40HRLP TEMPERATURE RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: May 25, 1988 0000 --5304 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 2, 1989 0600 3654 Number of Points: 1494 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 2.429 C Mean = 2.491 C Maximum = 2.531 C Standard Deviation = 0.0132 C Site and Record Information for IES89J1 Serial Number: 44 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 39 10.04 N DEPTH: 3480 m 67 47.08 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 10, 1988 1904 Oc200 RELEASE: May 30, 1989 2350 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 200155 --4899.968 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 232906 3599.485 Number of Points: 17000 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.236471s Mean = 0.25014 s Maximum = 0.25823 s Standard Deviation = 0.004895 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4946 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 1800 --4878 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 0000 3576 Number of Points: 1410 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 59.6 m Mean = 193.4 m Maximum = 487.1 m Standard Deviation = 92.7 m Site and Record Information for IES89J2 Serial Number: 37 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 38 45.59 N DEPTH: 4270 m 67 21.57 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 10, 1988 1450 Oc200 RELEASE: May 31, 1989 0459 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 154156 --4904.301 LAST DATA POINT: May 31, 1989 043535 3604.593 Number of Points: 17019 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.07790 s Mean = 0.09293 s Maximum = 0.09850 s Standard Deviation = 0.00272 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 1955 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 1200 --4884 LAST DATA POINT: May 30, 1989 0600 3582 Number of Points: 1412 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 99.1 m Mean = 189.3 m Maximum = 464.8 m Standard Deviation = 51.2 m Site and Record Information for IES89J3 Serial Number: 50 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 38 09.03 N DEPTH: 4635 m 67 10.06 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 9, 1988 0849 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 6, 1989 2246 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 9, 1988 100058 --4933.984 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1989 223058 3766.516 Number of Points: 17402 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.18466 s Mean = 0.17479 s Maximum = 0.15779 s Standard Deviation = 0.00716 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 3641 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 1200 --4908 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1989 0000 3744 Number of Points: 1443 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 150.1 m Mean = 319.9 m Maximum = 624.7 m Standard Deviation = 135.3 m Site and Record Information for IES89J4 Serial Number: 35 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 37 37.84 N DEPTH: 4875 m 67 00.65 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 10, 1988 0649 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 7, 1989 0701 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 10, 1988 080708 --4911.881 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 7, 1989 060708 3774.119 Number of Points: 17373 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.07105 s Mean = 0.08170 s Maximum = 0.10452 s Standard Deviation = 0.08111 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 2163 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 11, 1988 0600 --4890 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1989 0600 3750 Number of Points: 1441 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 198.9 m Mean = 611.7 m Maximum = 798.9 m Standard Deviation = 153.0 m Site and Record Information for IES89J5 Serial Number: 62 Type of Travel Time Detector: TTC Number of Pings per Sampling: 024 Additional Sensors: None POSITION: 36 59.83 N DEPTH: 4955 m 66 56.52 W DATE GMT CRUISE LAUNCH: Jun 6, 1988 1913 Oc200 RELEASE: Jun 16, 1989 0047 Oc207 TRAVEL TIME RECORDS DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 6, 1988 203155 --4995.468 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 16, 1989 002928 3984.491 Number of Points: 17961 Sampling Interval: 0.5 hr Minimum = 0.19721 s Mean = 0.20778 s Maximum = 0.23468 s Standard Deviation = 0.00525 s 40HRLP THERMOCLINE DEPTH RECORDS Conversion equation: Z12 = -19000 m/s * tau_d + B where B = 4756 m and tau_d = Travel Time (sec) with tide removed DATE GMT YEARHOUR 1st DATA POINT: Jun 07, 1988 1800 --4974 LAST DATA POINT: Jun 15, 1989 0000 3860 Number of Points: 1490 Sampling Interval: 6.0 hrs Minimum = 312.4 m Mean = 808.4 m Maximum = 990.8 m Standard Deviation = 99.6 m 3. Half-Hourly Individual Plots Plots are presented for the individual time series of half-hourly travel time, bottom pressure, temperature, and residual bottom pressure (detided and dedrifted). The plots for each sensor are displayed in a standardized window. All sensors have a common time axis which starts at --5376 (22-May-1988 referenced to 1-Jan-1989) and extends to 6036. This time period is displayed in four panels or subplots, two per page. Each panel covers 2928 hr (one third of a leap year). A small tic is placed at each day (0000 GMT) and larger tics denote weeks (168 hr). All IES records were encompassed by this period except IES89G1 which required a third page. For comparison, labels indicating specific dates are centered about their yearhour equivalent (for example a label associates ``1-Jan-89'' with 0.0 yearhour). Vertical axes for each sensor will be either common or have common increment. Travel time is plotted within a 4 msec window in increments of .005 sec. Pressure is plotted in a 2 dbar window centered about zero. The mean was removed from the series for the purpose of plotting and it's value is indicated in the y-axis label. Temperature is plotted in a .15 C window adjusted vertically to enclose all the record's variation. After detiding and dedrifting the bottom pressure, (residual) may be plotted within a 0.8 dbar window centered about zero. 4. Half-Hourly Line Plots Travel time, residual bottom pressure, and temperature are plotted, grouped according to instrument--line, B, ..., J. Line plots display all records in a given line on a single page (except line h which was presented on two pages). All line plots have a time axis running from -6000 hr to 7000 hr in increments of 1000 hr. As with the individual plots, labels associating calendar dates with yearhours are centered beneath the appropriate location. The vertical axes for each instrument in the line should be the same as those used in the individual plots (section 3). For a given record (travel time, temperature, or pressure) the vertical axis will be consistent for all instruments. The individual records that compose the line plots are labeled with the site at the right (at yearhour=6500, and centered within the record's vertical axis). It should also be noted that the records of travel time of H7_207 and H7_210 were merged, plotted together in the same panel rather than apart. B4_207 and B4_210 and B5_207 and B5_210 were treated similarly. 5. 40HRLP Line Plots Thermocline depth, residual bottom pressure, and temperature are plotted by, grouped according to instrument -- line, B, ..., J. Line plots display all records in a given line on a single page (except H line which was presented in two pages). All line plots have the time axis running from -6000 hr to 7000 hr in increments of 1000 hr. As with the individual plots, labels associating calendar dates with yearhours are centered beneath the appropriate location. For temperature and residual bottom pressure the vertical axes for each instrument in the line should be the same as those used in the individual plots (section 3). The vertical axis for Z is fixed as ranging from 1000m depth to the surface in increments of 100 m. The individual records that compose the line plots are labeled with the site at the right (yearhour=6500, and centered in the record's vertical axis). It should also be noted that the records of Z records of H7_207 and H7_210 were merged, plotted together in the same panel rather than apart. B4_207 and B4_210 and B5_207_210 and B5 were treated similarly. REFERENCES Chaplin, G. and D. R. Watts. 1984. Inverted echo sounder development. Oceans '84 Conference Record. 1. 249--253. Munk, W. H. and D. E. Cartwright. 1977. Tidal spectroscopy and prediction. Phios. Trans. R. Soc. London, 259, 533-581. Press, W.H., B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, and W.T. Vetterling 1988. Numerical Recipes Cambridge University Press, New York. Rossby, T. 1969. On monitoring depth variations of the main thermocline acoustically. J. Geophys. Res. 74 5542-5546. Fields E., K.L. Tracey, and D. R. Watts. 1991. Inverted echo sounder processing procedures. University of Rhode Island. GSO Technical Report 91-3. Watts, D. R. and W. E. Johns. 1982. Gulf Stream meanders: observations on propagation and growth. J. Geophys. Res. 87. 9467-9476. Watts, D. R. and H. Kontoyiannis. 1986. Deep-ocean bottom pressure and temperature sensors report: methods and data. University of Rhode Island. GSO Technical Report 86-8. 111 pp. Watts, D. R. and H. T. Rossby. 1977. Measuring dynamic heights with inverted echo sounders: Results from MODE. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 345-358. Watts, D. R., K. L. Tracey and A. I. Friedlander. 1988. Processing accurate maps of the Gulf Stream thermal front using objective analysis. J. Geophys. Res. (submitted) Watts, D. R. and M. Wimbush. 1981. Sea surface height and thermocline depth variations measured from the sea floor. International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Oceans, Proceedings, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.