#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER: #ACCESSION NUMBER: #CONTRIBUTOR: Dr. Paul Jokiel Mr. Eric K. Brown Dr. Alan Friedlander #CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION: (Jokiel and Brown) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Department Of Oceanograhpy School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University Of Hawaii P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA and (Friedlander) The Oceanic Institute Makapu'u Point 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795 #ORIGINATOR: same #ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION: same #TITLE: Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP): Data from 1999 #PROJECT: Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program Funding and support: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service United States Geological Survey State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Program Limahuli National Botanical Garden Save Our Seas #ABSTRACT: This dataset consists of CRAMP surveys taken in 1999 and includes quantitative estimates of substrate type, rugosity, species type, and percent coverage. No fish data are included but will be included in later submissions. The types and coverages were derived objectively from photographic images using PointCount99, a software package which analyzes random points on images of coral reefs and substrate. This dataset does not include the images from video transects however these will be provided to NOAA at a later date. Photoquadrats are included in this set. There are 19 survey sites, with 16 of these having both a shallow and deep transect. These sites are located on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Kahoolawe. One sampling date was taken for each site. Annual surveys are scheduled at these sites and additional sites through at least 2002. #PURPOSE: To understand the ecology of Hawaiian coral reefs in relation to other geographic areas and to monitor change at each given site. CRAMP experimental design allows detection of changes that can be attributed to various factors such as: overuse (over-fishing, anchor damage, aquarium trade collection, etc.), sedimentation, nutrient loading, catastrophic natural events (storm wave impact, lava flows), coastal construction, urbanization, global warming (bleaching), introduced species, algal invasions, and fish and invertebrate diseases. The emphasis of the program is on the major problems facing Hawaiian coral reefs as listed by managers and reef scientists during workshops and meetings held in Hawaii (1997-1998). These are: over-fishing, sedimentation, eutrophication, and algal outbreaks. CRAMP experimental design gives priority to areas where baseline data relevant to these issues were previously collected. Transect dimensions, number of replicates, and methods of evaluation have been selected to detect changes with statistical confidence. Standard techniques include the establishment of permanent transects to quantify fish, coral, algae, and invertebrates at study sites. CRAMP researchers are quantifying changes that have occurred on coral reefs subjected to varying degrees of fishing pressure, sedimentation, eutrophication, and algal growth and are conducting experimental work in order to test hypotheses concerning the role of these environmental factors in the ecology of coral reefs. We are also in the process of resurveying, updating and integrating existing ecological information on an array of coral reefs that have been designated as areas of concern or, "hot spots," by managers and scientists. #LOCATION EXTREMES: SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 20.5925 SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 22.2257 NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 159.7273 WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 156.4369 EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W #LOCATION KEYWORDS: Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Kahoolawe, Hawaii, North Pacific Ocean #SAMPLING STATIONS: SITE LAT LONG DEPTH ISLAND SITE CODE (M) NAME KaHan03 22.12.656 159.30.727 3.00 Kauai Hanalei KaHan08 22.12.703 159.30.721 8.00 Kauai Hanalei KaHoa10 21.52.697 159.28.477 10.00 Kauai Hoai KaLim01 22.13.489 159.34.755 1.00 Kauai Limahuli KaLim10 22.13.544 159.34.755 10.00 Kauai Limahuli KaMil03 22.08.778 159.43.562 3.00 Kauai Milolii KaMil10 22.08.827 159.43.637 10.00 Kauai Milolii KaNua03 22.09.641 159.42.102 3.00 Kauai Nualolo Kai KaNua10 22.09.940 159.42.288 10.00 Kauai Nualolo Kai KeHak03 20.35.551 156.33.064 3.00 Kahoolawe Hakioawa KeHak10 20.35.569 156.33.050 10.00 Kahoolawe Hakioawa MaHoN03 21.00.923 156.38.343 3.00 Maui Honolua North MaHoS03 21.00.831 156.38.380 3.00 Maui Honolua South MaKaB01 20.37.049 156.26.241 1.00 Maui Kanehena Bay MaKaB03 20.37.015 156.26.301 3.00 Maui Kanehena Bay MaKaP03 20.36.089 156.26.214 3.00 Maui Kanehena Point MaKaP10 20.36.070 156.26.280 10.00 Maui Kanehena Point MaKah03 20.56.257 156.41.595 3.00 Maui Kahekili MaKah07 20.56.274 156.41.623 7.00 Maui Kahekili MaMaa03 20.47.378 156.30.607 3.00 Maui Maalaea MaMaa06 20.47.332 156.30.596 6.00 Maui Maalaea MaOlo03 20.48.505 156.36.693 3.00 Maui Olowalu MaOlo07 20.48.363 156.36.733 7.00 Maui Olowalu MaPap04 20.55.307 156.25.572 4.00 Maui Papaula Point MaPap10 20.55.462 156.25.571 10.00 Maui Papaula Point MaPua03 20.51.369 156.40.033 3.00 Maui Puamana MaPua13 20.51.322 156.40.111 13.00 Maui Puamana OaHee02 21.26.884 157.48.548 2.00 Oahu Heeia OaHee08 21.26.884 157.48.547 8.00 Oahu Heeia OaMok02 21.26.209 157.47.223 2.00 Oahu Moku o Loe OaMok09 21.26.221 157.47.221 9.00 Oahu Moku o Loe OaPup04 21.40.525 158.02.597 4.00 Oahu Pupukea OaPup08 21.40.628 158.02.712 8.00 Oahu Pupukea OaWai02 21.22.391 157.49.851 2.00 Oahu Waiahole OaWai08 21.28.609 157.49.848 8.00 Oahu Waiahole #BEGIN AND END DATES: 1999/06/07 - 1999/09/16 #SAMPLING PERIODS: One date per site/transect depth (yyyy/mm/dd): KaHan03 1999/06/07 KaHan08 1999/06/06 KaHoa10 1999/08/05 KaLim01 1999/06/07 KaLim10 1999/08/04 KaMil03 1999/08/03 KaMil10 1999/08/02 KaNua03 1999/08/03 KaNua10 1999/08/03 KeHak03 1999/07/10 KeHak10 1999/07/10 MaHoN03 1999/09/16 MaHoS03 1999/09/16 MaKaB01 1999/07/20 MaKaB03 1999/07/17 MaKaP03 1999/07/14 MaKaP10 1999/07/14 MaKah03 1999/07/16 MaKah07 1999/07/16 MaMaa03 1999/08/17 MaMaa06 1999/08/17 MaOlo03 1999/07/12 MaOlo07 1999/07/12 MaPap10 1999/08/19 MaPua03 1999/07/15 MaPua13 1999/07/12 OaHee02 1999/07/29 OaHee08 1999/08/10 OaMok02 1999/09/06 OaMok09 1999/09/06 OaPup04 1999/09/02 OaPup08 1999/09/02 OaWai02 1999/07/28 OaWai08 1999/07/02 #PARAMETERS: substrate type taxa name and code corals and algae percent coverage images from photoquadrats #METHODOLOGY: CRAMP Protocol One of the major objectives of the CRAMP program during the first year was to establish a sampling protocol that could detect change in coral cover over time with sufficient statistical power (P>0.8). The first step involved the evaluation of historical methods to determine if any of these procedures could be incorporated into the CRAMP protocol. After careful analysis it was determined that only the fixed photoquadrats utilized by Dr. Steve Coles at Bishop Museum had sufficient power. The method, which samples a relatively small area, is suitable to address small-scale questions on coral growth, recruitment and mortality, but inference on general reef condition is difficult across broader sections of reef. The second step involved soliciting input from colleagues conducting coral reef monitoring programs in the Florida Keys and the Great Barrier Reef. Their general recommendation was to use digital video to sample coral cover over large areas of the reef. Before we could implement their designs, however, we had to evaluate the appropriateness of these techniques for Hawai`i. The following parameters in the sampling design were determined in the third step: 1.Repeatability and appropriate length of the transects using different methods 2.Observer variation within different methods 3.Number of points per frame to analyze 4.Number of frames per transect to analyze 5.Number of transects per depth to sample 6.Random versus fixed transects 7.Time and monetary considerations to optimize sampling design The results of this evaluation were presented at the National Coral Reef Institute Conference in Florida and are summarized by the CRAMP research team (Brown, et al. 1999). Repeatability and appropriate transect length were tested using photoquadrats on a transect line sampled over a short time interval. Shorter transects of 10m were found to have higher precision (Ability to replicate quadrats on a transect) than transects of 25m and 50m. Photoquadrats produced similar results to visual estimation techniques, regardless of observer, but neither method yielded satisfactory precision. Digital video was evaluated at Hanauma Bay, Oahu over 2 time intervals separated by 84 days. It was assumed that overall coral cover would not change dramatically during this time period. Power curves were constructed using methods described by Zar (1999) for detecting a 10% change in coral cover across 2 time periods (Figure 1). Number of frames was more important in increasing power than number of points though the difference was not substantial. This is primarily due to the fact that more frames sample a larger portion of the habitat, which incorporates more of the heterogeneity of the substrate. A sample size of 10 transects per site appeared to be adequate for characterizing the coral cover using a power value of 0.8 set as a convention by Cohen (1988). Fixed transects were chosen over random for several reasons. First, it is difficult to properly implement a randomized protocol for transect placement without a map of benthic habitats that is geo-referenced. At present this does not exist for the state of Hawai`i. Second, the majority of the historical data uses fixed transect locations so integrating the current protocol with previous work will be simpler. Third, after the initial random setup the fixed transects should be easier to resample, thus reducing preparation time and ultimately costs to generate the random grid for subsequent transect measurements (Green and Smith, 1997). Fourth, randomized sampling of transects will have difficulty in detecting change in coral cover if reefs change dramatically over time. This is because the random protocol measures inherent spatial variation at each sampling period, which adds variance associated with spatial heterogeneity of the reef rather than changes or patterns that are time-related (Green and Smith, 1997). Fifth, using a repeated measures ANOVA design with fixed transects can provide additional information on population and community structure that is difficult to obtain with random transects (Hughes, 1996; Connell et al. 1997). Sixth, the time and cost complications with random transects are not worth the broader inference about reef "condition" especially if the fixed transects are representative of habitat variation (Andy Taylor, personal communication). Finally, interpreting results from fixed transects is much easier for the general public and resource managers to comprehend than using a randomized sampling design. Time and monetary constraints were examined to determine the optimum sampling protocol. The analysis revealed that digital video collected more data per unit time than visual estimation, planar point intercept and photoquadrats. It was the most expensive option considered at $5,500 for the system but since field time underwater is the principal limiting factor then the quantity of field data collected outweighs the expense. In addition, digital video and photoquadrats also enable archiving of the data for later re-analysis to address additional questions. Based on the results from the evaluation procedure we have selected 2 methods to address changes in overall coral cover and growth, recruitment and mortality of benthic organisms. Digital video will be used to measure changes in coral cover by initially selecting at random, ten permanent (fixed) transects at 2 depths (3m and 10m). Each transect will be 10m in length and analyzed using 20 randomly selected video frames with 50 randomly selected points per frame. Frequency of sampling will be once a year at each site. This should be sufficient to detect a 10% change in coral cover over time with high statistical power across of variety of habitats in Hawai`i. The second method will employ fixed photoquadrats to examine trends of individual organisms with regards to growth, recruitment and mortality. Five haphazardly selected photoquadrats at each depth contour will be established with 4 pins at each corner to ensure accurate repositioning of the frame. The frame dimension will sample 0.33 m2 of the substrate at a height of 0.5m from the bottom. Images of sessile organisms will be traced and digitized for 2D estimates of aerial coverage. Sampling will be scheduled once a year at each site in concordance with the digital video surveys. Site Survey Protocol Two types of protocol are utilized by CRAMP: Monitoring Protocol and Assessment Protocol. This submission to NOAA only includes data taken using the Monitoring Protocol. The Assessment Protocol is simply an abbreviated version of the Monitoring Protocol. The Assessment Protocol is a rapid method that is most useful for describing spatial relationships. The Assessment Protocol lacks the statistical power of the Monitoring Protocol to detect change in the benthos. The Assessment Protocol is a more cost-effective method for answering certain questions on the status of coral reefs. Monitoring Protocol - General Description Installing the fixed monitoring sites is a process that was generally completed by a team of six divers during a single dive. All primary sites have been installed. The initial monitoring of a given site was generally initiated at some time after installation. More detail on installation is discussed under the section on Benthic Monitoring. Upon reaching an established monitoring site site a number of tasks must be performed. CRAMP generally surveys one site (3 m and 10 m transect locations at each site) per day with a team of 6 divers. The deeper site is surveyed in the morning, the shallow site in the afternoon after a proper surface interval. The beginning of the transect is located by visual lineups and/or GPS by skin divers and marked with a dive flag to alert boaters of our presence and enable quick location by the divers. Subsequent SCUBA teams entering the water take materials needed for the survey (spooled transect tapes, rugosity chain, video camera, photo-quadrat apparatus, extra marker pins, etc) and deposit the material near the start of the transect for use by the teams during the dive. The first SCUBA team to enter the water consists of two divers: the person doing the fish survey and a back-up diver who stays within visual range and photographs the fixed photo-quadrats as the fish survey proceeds. Estimates of fish species richness, abundance, and biomass are taken before the benthic transect lines are laid out so as to sample a relatively undisturbed habitat. The standard CRAMP fish transect is taken along a depth contour within the CRAMP grid of benthic transects, and consists of four, 5x25m transects that are separated by 5m. The scientist doing the fish survey counts fish while deploying a 25 m line behind him/her. As the survey proceeds, two more SCUBA divers enter the water. One of the pair starts video taping the replicate benthic transects while the second deploys the transect tapes and records species information on the corals/algae located along each transect for later reference. The third team of two divers follows the video transect team and measures rugosity under the replicate transects. Upon completion of the fish transect, the first dive team completes the photo-quadrats. As other teams complete their work they return to the start of the transect and begin taking up the transect tapes. During the survey, various divers complete additional functions. These include taking sediment samples, stabilizing or replacing lose transect pins, routine photography of organisms, description of habitats, making algae collections or various activities. The same procedure is carried out at the shallow site during the afternoon. In addition, at various times of the day (depending on time availability) two members of the group will skin dive with a dive flag and water proof GPS unit while describing and recording habitat distribution throughout the study site for later mapping efforts. Benthic Monitoring The basic unit for long term CRAMP monitoring is a 100 m x 3 m transect corridor that follows a depth contour. The transect is divided into a grid of 1 m intervals along its length by 0.5 m intervals along its width. Stainless steel pins are driven along the length of the central line or "spine" (shown in yellow on diagram below) to serve as the reference point for installation of the 10 transects and five photoquadrats. The spine pins are marked by slipping a short length of plastic tubing over the pin to identify the pin as a "spine" pin. In addition, the first spine pin (0 m) is marked with a single cable tie, the fifth pin (50 m) is marked with two cable ties and the tenth pin (100 m) is marked with three cable ties. Photo-Quadrat Surveys Fixed photo-quadrats are used in order to examine trends of individual organisms with regards to growth, recruitment and mortality. Five haphazardly selected photo-quadrats at each depth contour have been established with 4 pins at each corner to ensure accurate repositioning of the frame. The frame is constructed of PVC plastic tubing and designed to hold a 35 mm Nikonos V camera system with and two SB105 strobes (master/slave) in a rigid array. The frame is designed to photograph 0.25 square meters of the substrate at a height of 0.50 m from the bottom. Images of sessile organisms are traced and digitized for two dimensional estimates of aerial coverage. Sampling is scheduled once a year at each site along with the digital video surveys. One roll of 35 mm film is used to capture 5 photo-quadrats at each depth with 2 exposures per photo-quadrat. Nikon Scan is used to convert the 35 mm images to digital format. Images are written to a CD-ROM for archiving and later analysis. SigmaScan or Scion Image programs are used to digitize dimensions of objects within the the photo-quadrat by tracing lines around coral and different substrate types. Aerial coverage is computed for each object and compared with prior photos of the same site. Scion Image writes a text file that is readily available for a variety of programs. The resulting text file is imported into MS-Excel for proofreading. After proofreading, the data file is imported into MS-Access for storage into the CRAMP database. Output from Access is imported into Statistica for statistical analysis using an ANOVA repeated measures design with 2D aerial coverage of the substrate types as the dependent variable. Video Transect Method: 1. Field Recording Data are taken using a Sony DCR-TRV900 Mini DV camcorder enclosed in an Amphibico VHDB0900 Dive Buddy Housing. During early 2000 we added a Quest Aqua-Lite dual head U/W video light system. The videographer follows the following procedure: While on the surface, the diver videotapes the landmark "line-ups" used to locate the site. These serve to identify the tape if there is any question of proper labeling. Also, the images can be frame-grabbed and subsequently printed and laminated for use when relocating the site. In many cases the use of landmarks is faster and more convenient than using the GPS position to relocate the transect site. The diver then goes to the bottom and videotapes a full 360 degree panorama of the site as part of the permanent video record. The diver proceeds to the start of the first 10 m transect and records the transect number on the video through use of hand signals in front of the camera (number of fingers representing transect no.). The videographer then moves slowly (4 min per transect) along the 10 m transect while videotaping the bottom at a distance of 0.5 m. Initially a rod attached to the camera was used to insure proper distance from the bottom. This has been replaced with two small underwater lasers that cross at 0.5 m, allowing the videographer to hold the distance constant by keeping an overlap on the two red laser dots. Each of the 10 transects along the 100 m spine line is recorded in this manner. One digital videotape (1 hour tape) is used to capture 10 transects. 2. Laboratory Data Analysis Each transect is 10 m in length. Twenty randomly selected, non-overlapping video frames are selected and processed using PointCount99 software to develop estimates for coral and substrate types. The statistical data analysis includes a repeated measures ANOVA design with nesting of transects in depth where frames per transect are treated as sub-samples along a transect. The video tape is played back on a computer using PhotoShop with the plug-in Photo DV to grab frames. Each transect video consists of approximately 7500-9000 frames. Sequential overlapping frames that form a complete 10 m transect are captured onto the hard disk in JPEG file format. The 10 transects consisting of ~50-60 images per transect are written to a CD-ROM. Twenty randomly non-overlapping frames per transect are selected and analyzed with PointCount99. PointCount99 generates 50 randomly located points on the screen. The observer records the proper category under each of the 50 points. PointCount99 writes a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file that is generic text and readily available for a variety of programs. This CSV file is imported into MS-Excel for proofreading. After proofreading the CSV file is imported into MS-Access for storage into the CRAMP database. PointCount99 PointCount99 is a Win95/98 based PC program derived from PointCount for Coral Reefs which was developed in support of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Florida Keys Coral Reef Monitoring Project (US EPA CRMP). The software utilizes the random point count method for accurately estimating percent coverage of corals, sponges, and associated substrate from digitally frame-grabbed underwater video images. Unlike its predecessor, PointCount for Coral Reefs, which operated in conjunction with Media Cybernetics Image-Pro Plus graphics software, PointCount99 is a stand-alone Visual Basic program built on Accusofts Image Gear platform. Funding for the development of PointCount99 was provided by the Jeanette and Lafayette Montgomery Foundation. PointCount99 makes image identification an efficient process. It calls up an image file and overlays a unique set of points supplied by an internal random number generator. PointCount99 is also able to use a unique set of random points (cd.dat) created for, and stored along with, a set of images. The user identifies each point and enters the data via a mouse driven graphic user interface. Species and substrate identifications require only a single mouse click. Corrections and multiple selections are easy to make, and hot keys are available to expedite the process. PointCount?99 also makes identifications easier by allowing the user to zoom in and out on images and enhance image quality with buttons for brightness/contrast, sharpness, and color levels. Rugosity Rugosity as defined here is an index of substrate complexity. The term rugose is derived from a Latin term meaning wrinkled. The index of rugosity describes the amount of "wrinkling" of the substrate. Substrate complexity is an important ecological parameter (Friedlander and Parrish 1998). Areas of high complexity are likely to provide more cover for reef fish and more places of attachment for algae, corals and various sessile invertebrates. CRAMP uses a chain and tape method which assigns a numerical value to rugosity by measuring the length of chain draped over the reef surface that is needed to cover a given straight-line distance between two points (McCormick, 1994). A longer length of chain will be needed in areas that have an uneven and complex surface. The surveyor tape is used to measure the straight-line distance between the two marker pins on a transect. This value is generally close to 10 m. A light brass chain marked off in 1m intervals is then spooled out over the bottom along the length of the surveyor line. The amount of chain lying on the bottom that is necessary to span the distance between the two marker pins is then divided by the straight line tape measurement to generate an index of rugosity for that transect. The ten randomly selected transects within a grid are all measured in this manner to produce an average rugosity for the reef. These indexes can be used to test correlation with overall coral cover, coral species composition, fish species richness, fish abundance and fish biomass. #INSTRUMENT TYPES: SCUBA transect tape Video: Sony DCR-TRV900 Mini DV camcorder enclosed in an Amphibico VHDB0900 Dive Buddy Housing. Photoquadrats: The frame is constructed of PVC plastic tubing and designed to hold a 35 mm Nikonos V camera system with and two SB105 strobes. Nikon Scan is used to convert the 35 mm images to digital format. Rugosity: brass chain #REFERENCES: Brown, E, E Cox, B Tissot, K Rodgers, and W Smith (1999). Evaluation of benthic sampling methods considered for the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawaii. International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration. April 14-16, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Connell, J H, T P Hughes, C C Wallace (1997). A 30-year study of coral abundance, recruitment, and disturbance at several scales in space and time. Ecol. Mono. 67(4): 461-488. Friedlander, Alan and Parrish, James 1998. Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 224: 1-30. Green, R H and S R Smith (1997). Sample program design and environmental impact assessment on coral reef. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2: 1459-1464. McCormick, Mark 1994. Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage. Marine Ecology Progress Series 112: 87-96. #SUBMITTING MEDIUM: CDROM #FILE FORMATS: Data organized by the following subdirectories: accessdb/ photoquads/ rugosity/ 1) accessdb/ Results from PointCount99 for the video transects only. This includes an ASCII text file dump from the MS Access database of the PointCount output, an MS Excel97 code table, and an MS Excel99 percent coverage summary. a) Direct output of PointCount (provided to NOAA in CSV format): FILE SIZE (BYTE) CRAMPdata99.txt 59671689 These data were broken into files based on dive site/depth and placed in a space-delimited format. For empty fields in CSV format (ie, consecutive commas), the following format uses a text flag as 'no-data'. FILE SIZE (BYTE) KaHan03.txt 2408075 KaHan08.txt 2238575 KaHoa10.txt 1610044 KaLim01.txt 2310160 KaLim10.txt 1734536 KaMil03.txt 1985350 KaMil10.txt 1651686 KaNua03.txt 1388930 KaNua10.txt 1646795 KeHak03.txt 1882286 KeHak10.txt 1808463 MaHoN03.txt 2062090 MaHoS03.txt 1844376 MaKaB01.txt 1585225 MaKaB03.txt 1397174 MaKaP03.txt 1703044 MaKaP10.txt 1497155 MaKah03.txt 2186990 MaKah07.txt 1989126 MaMaa03.txt 1983636 MaMaa06.txt 1808613 MaOlo03.txt 1866985 MaOlo07.txt 1715198 MaPap04.txt 1800783 MaPap10.txt 2045727 MaPua03.txt 1962797 MaPua13.txt 2246627 OaHee02.txt 1585334 OaHee08.txt 1901000 OaMok02.txt 1765591 OaMok09.txt 1788710 OaPup04.txt 1622688 OaPup08.txt 1588352 OaWai02.txt 1622369 OaWai08.txt 1820949 The CSV and space-delimited format have the following fields per record: Island - 2 letter for each island Ka: Kauai; Oa: Oahu; Ma: Maui; Ke: Kahoolawe Latitude - degrees.minutes.decimal minutes Longitude - degrees.minutes.decimal minutes Status - conservation status (i.e. MLCD, NARS, KIR, blank (csv) or no-data (space delimited) means open access) Site - 3 letter code for each site within an island Depth - meters DepthCode - either 3 or 10 for shallow and deep SurveyDate Year Transect - transect # FrameImageId - Full code to locate each captured image (year/island/site/depth/transect/frame#) Frame - frame # on the transect AnalyInstitution - where the analysis was done AnalyDate - Date of PointCount analysis FrameIder - person who did the PointCount analysis TotalPoint - number of points IDed on each frame TaxonName - substrate identification for each point TaxonID - PointCount # ID which is a subset of the Bishop Museum codes (see code explanation below) Point - Point number on the frame X - X coordinate on the image for each point Y - Y coordinate on the image for each point Intensity - value for the point Red - RGB value on the image Green - RGB value on the image Blue - RGB value on the image b) Taxa codes in PointCount output Taxa codes provided in MS Excel97 file: CRAMP99codesum.xls (102912 bytes) The codes sheet was dumped into a CSV format in text file: taxacodes.csv (25312 bytes) c) Coral coverage summary Also provided in MS Excel97 file: CRAMP99codesum.xls (102912 bytes) The summary sheet was dumped into a CSV and PRN text files: summary_data99.csv (5889 bytes) summary_data99.prn (5939 bytes) 2) photoquads/ This directory contains the photoquadrats from 1999 and are organized by island and dive site. The filename for each quadrat is nnnnnnyy_dd_ss.jpg, nnnnnn: dive site name yy: year dd: depth ss: quadrat number Dates and ancillary information are written on the PVC pipe and are visible in the photographs. Summary of file sizes and counts Directory #files Size (bytes) Kahoolawe 15 4865112 Kauai 61 42313555 Maui 110 44212918 Oahu 91 31954720 3) rugosity/ Original data provided to NOAA in MS Excel97 as file: CRAMPdata99.xls (77824 bytes) This file was dumped into a CSV and PRN file: rugosity.csv (14828 bytes) rugosity.prn (13578 bytes) DepCode is S (shallow), D (deep) #DATASET SIZE: 247638820 bytes #NUMBER OF DATA UNITS: 19 sites #MISCELLANEOUS: