#TEMPORARY ACCESSION NUMBER: #ACCESSION NUMBER: #CONTRIBUTOR: S. L. Coles, Ph. D. L.. G. Eldredge, Ph. D #CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION: Department of Natural Sciences Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 #ORIGINATOR: L.. G. Eldredge, Ph. D S. L. Coles, Ph. D. #ORIGINATOR INSTITUTION: Department of Natural Sciences Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 #TITLE: Nonindigenous Marine Species Introductions in the Harbors of the South and West Shores of Oahu, Hawaii 1997-1998 #PROJECT: Nonindigenous Marine Species Introductions in Honolulu Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Additional funding provided by the Dingle-Johnson program through Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) to include a study of ballast water of commercial ships entering Honolulu Harbor and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor, to survey the biota of 15 stream mouths along the south shore of Oahu, and to extend sampling of marine communities to the Barbers Point Harbor. #ABSTRACT: Despite the potential importance of Honolulu Harbor or other commercial harbors on Oahu as potential gateways for nonindigenous marine species to enter the Hawaiian marine ecosystem, no studies have previously been conducted of introduced species in Hawaiian commercial harbors, and little information is available for the composition of the marine communities for these harbors. Therefore, we conducted surveys in Honolulu Harbor and Keehi Lagoon in 1997, and in Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor in 1998. The results of this study are reported herein and the presence and impact of nonindigenous marine introductions in these harbors are evaluated. This report includes an extensive bibliography of related work in these harbors, historical maps, a chronology of important events in these harbors, and the field data. #PURPOSE: Investigate the introduced species in Hawaiian commercial harbors of the south and west shores of Oahu. #LOCATION EXTREMES: SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 21 deg 16.8' SOUTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE: 21 deg 20.0' NORTHERNMOST LATITUDE HEMISPHERE: N WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 158 deg 07.5' WESTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE: 157 deg 50.5' EASTERNMOST LONGITUDE HEMISPHERE: W #LOCATION KEYWORDS: Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor, and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor of Oahu, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean #SAMPLING STATIONS: Benthic fouling and sediment biota were sampled and observations of fishes were made at 15 stations in Honolulu Harbor and five stations in Keehi Lagoon in 1997, and four stations in Kewalo Basin, five stations in Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and three stations in Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor in 1998. (see file honfnrp1_staloc.doc or honfnrp1_staloc.txt for specific GPS positions and location descriptions) #BEGIN AND END DATES: August 1997 - August 1998 #SAMPLING PERIODS: Between August 1997 and December 1997 there were weekly or bi-weekly field surveys performed. No sampling between January 1998 and June 1998. Sampling again from July - August 1998 on a weekly cycle. #PARAMETERS: marine species - invertebrate megafauna and macroalgae - sediment-dwelling organisms and their substratum - fish - coral reef - shore fauna #METHODOLOGY: A. Literature Search A variety of sources of information on the environmental conditions and biological communities of the harbors on the south shore of Oahu were examined. Literature consulted included published papers in the open scientific literature, taxonomy-based monographs and books, unpublished reports for environmental studies in the harbors, and newspaper and magazine articles that were concerned with the development or environmental and biological communities of the harbors. Resources that were consulted in this search were the libraries of Bishop Museum, the University of Hawaii, and the Pacific Maritime Center. Environmental reports and Environmental Impact Statements and Assessments were reviewed from the University of Hawaii Environmental Center, the Hawaiian Electric Co. Environmental Department and AECOS Inc. An annotated bibliography of all the literature assembled is presented in file honfnrp1_apb.doc and honfnrp1_apb.txt. B. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Collections Bishop Museum collections databases for algae, invertebrates, malacology and ichthyology were reviewed for all marine or estuarine organisms indicated to have been collected in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor or the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor. The retrieved data were assembled into a combined database for Oahu south shore harbors (other than Pearl Harbor) containing taxa identity, taxonomic authority, collection location and date, collector and collectors notes, when available. This information is included with the general listing of all taxa for the study developed from all sources and presented in file honfnrp1_apc.doc and honfnrp1_apc.txt. C. Field Surveys Collections and observations were made by two experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible at each station while snorkeling or using Scuba. One diver sampled fouling organisms growing on hard surfaces from the intertidal zone to the bottom by scraping three samples of approximately 0.1 m2 each. The other diver observed fishes swimming in the area, recorded their identities and also noted the presence of abundant invertebrate megafauna and macroalgae. Collected organisms, which range 4-8 liters in total volume for each station were inspected on site and selected hydroids and tunicates were removed to be relaxed in a solution of Epsom salts and seawater before preserving in 5% formalin. The remaining organisms were preserved on site in 70% alcohol before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms. Sediment-dwelling organisms and their substratum were collected by inserting a 12.5 cm diameter cylinder 15 cm into the sediment, closing off the bottom and top with lids and then transporting the sample to the laboratory where it was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh size screen. A subsample of 10 to 25 cm3 was retained from each sample for determination of micromollusc populations. Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the lowest practicable taxa, using dissecting or compound microscope magnification when necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii Sections 1 to 4 (published), 5 and 6 (unpublished), various taxonomic references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to taxonomic experts for verification of preliminary identifications. #INSTRUMENT TYPES: - Snorkle and SCUBA - Visual census - 12.5 cm diameter cylinder for sediment #REFERENCES: Coles S. L., DeFelice, R. C., and Eldredge, L. G., 1999. Nonindigenous Marine Species Introductions in the Harbors of the South and West Shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Final report prepared for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Technical Report No. 15. Honolulu, HI, June 1999. also see file honfnrp1_ref.doc and honfnrp1_ref.txt #SUBMITTING MEDIUM: FTP #FILE FORMATS: Microsoft Word and Excel from Office97 are the primary formats. Redundant ASCII copies of each file were made. *.doc :MS Word *.txt :redundant copie as ASCII (text with line breaks) *.xls :MS Excel *.prn :redundant ASCII (space delimited) In directory ../dat/word FILENAME COMMENT honfnrp1.doc Body of final report containing maps honfnrp1.txt redundant copy, text only, no maps or tables honfnrp1_apa.doc Appendix A. Chronology of Important Events in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor honfnrp1_apa.txt redundant text honfnrp1_apb.doc Appendix B. Annotated Bibliography of Literature for Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor honfnrp1_apb.txt redundant text honfnrp1_apc.doc Appendix C. Listing of Marine Organisms Reported for all studies in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and Barber's Point Deep Draft Harbor honfnrp1_apc.txt redundant text honfnrp1_ref.doc References (repeat from honfnrp1.doc) honfnrp1_ref.txt redundant text honfnrp1_staloc.doc Station Locations and Descriptions honfnrp1_staloc.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab01.doc Table 1. Station locations and sampling dates for Oahu south and west shore harbors. Longitude and latitude coodinates are in WGS84 datum. honfnrp1_tab01.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab02.doc Table 2. Numbers of total taxa and named species in major groups observed or collected in the five harbor areas. honfnrp1_tab02.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab03.doc Table 3. Numbers of total taxa in present study compared with totals of previous studies. honfnrp1_tab03.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab04.doc Table 4. Numbers of named species in present study compared with totals of previous studies honfnrp1_tab04.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab05_07.doc Table 5. Introduced species in Oahu south and west shore harbors. Table 6. Cryptogenic species in Oahu south and west shore harbors. Table 7. Introduced + cryptogenic species in Oahu south and west shore harbors. honfnrp1_tab05_07.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab08.doc Table 8. Nonindigenous species first noted in Oahu south and west shore harbors (including Pearl Harbor) since 1995. honfnrp1_tab08.txt redundant text honfnrp1_tab09.doc Table 9. Numbers of marine nonindigenous species found in various world locations honfnrp1_tab09.txt redundant text honrep1.doc Report from first year of the project honrep1.txt redundant text in directory ../dat/excel FILENAME COMMENT hontxall.xls Station Records for Invertebrates and Fishes Collected or Observed in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor during 1997-98 hontxall.prn redundant ASCII version hontxnon.xls Station Records for Cryptogenic or Nonindigenous Species Collected or Observed in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor during 1997-98 Several spreadsheets as redundant text: hontxnon_chron.prn chronology hontxnon_hhphcomp.prn comparative study hontxnon_orig.prn origin hontxnon_status.prn status hontxnon_taxa_station.prn nonindigenous species by station hontxnon_appf.prn APPENDIX F Supplementary Information for Nonindigenous and Cryptogenic Species Observed or Collected in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor During 1997-98 Surveys Appendix F codes: Status: PR, I: Previously reported, Nonindigenous; NR, R: New report, Nonindigenous; PR, C: Previously reported, Cryptogenic; NR, C: New report, Cryptogenic ID: EA: Eastern Atlantic, CA: Caribbean, WA: Western Atlantic, EP: Eastern Pacific, IP: Indo-Pacific, WIP: Western Indo-Pacific, RS: Red Sea, WW: Tropical or Temperate World Wide. #DATASET SIZE: 4.8 mbytes #NUMBER OF DATA UNITS: 32 stations #MISCELLANEOUS: Similar report for Pearl Harbor